1Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior,Radboud University Medical Center,Nijmegen,The Netherlands.
2Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences,Cumming School of Medicine,University of Calgary,Alberta Children's Hospital,Calgary,Alberta,Canada.
Can J Neurol Sci. 2018 Sep;45(5):504-515. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2018.269.
Neuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving technique for diagnosing, monitoring and facilitating treatment of patients with muscle and nerve disorders. It is a portable point-of-care technology that is non-invasive, painless and without ionizing radiation. Ultrasound can visualize muscle texture alterations indicating dystrophy or denervation, changes in size and anatomic continuity of nerve fascicles, and its dynamic imaging capabilities allow capturing of contractions and fasciculations. Ultrasound can also provide real-time guidance for needle placement, and can sometimes make a diagnosis when electromyography is not tolerated or not informative anymore. This review will focus on the technical and practical aspects of ultrasound as an imaging technique for muscles and nerves. It will discuss basic imaging principles, hardware and software setup, and provide examples of ultrasound use for visualizing muscle and nerve abnormalities with accuracy and confidence. The review is intended as a practical "how-to" guide to get started with neuromuscular ultrasound in daily practice.
神经肌肉超声是一种快速发展的技术，用于诊断、监测和促进肌肉和神经疾病患者的治疗。它是一种便携式即时护理技术，具有非侵入性、无痛和无电离辐射的特点。超声可以可视化肌肉纹理改变，提示营养不良或去神经支配，神经束的大小和解剖连续性的变化，其动态成像能力允许捕捉收缩和肌束震颤。超声还可以为针的放置提供实时指导，并且在肌电图不耐受或不再有信息时有时可以做出诊断。这篇综述将重点介绍超声作为肌肉和神经成像技术的技术和实际方面。它将讨论基本的成像原理、硬件和软件设置，并提供使用超声准确和自信地可视化肌肉和神经异常的示例。该综述旨在作为在日常实践中开始神经肌肉超声的实用“操作指南”。
