Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct 1;108(4):645-651. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy175.
Human gut microbiota has been suggested to play an important role in nutrition and obesity. However, formulating meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advice based on knowledge about gut microbiota remains a key challenge. A number of recent studies have found evidence that stratification of individuals according to 2 microbial enterotypes (dominance of either Prevotella or Bacteroides) may be useful in predicting responses to diets and drugs. Here, we review enterotypes in a nutritional context and discuss how enterotype stratification may be used in personalized nutrition in obesity management. Enterotypes are characterized by distinct digestive functions with preference for specific dietary substrate, resulting in short-chain fatty acids that may influence energy balance in the host. Consequently, the enterotype potentially affects the individual's ability to lose weight when following a specific diet. In short, a high-fiber diet seems to optimize weight loss among Prevotella-enterotype subjects but not among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects. In contrast, increasing bifidobacteria in the gut among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects improves metabolic parameters, suggesting that this approach can be used as an alternative weight loss strategy. Thus, enterotypes, as a pretreatment gut microbiota biomarker, have the potential to become an important tool in personalized nutrition and obesity management, although further interventions assessing their applicability are warranted.
人类肠道微生物群被认为在营养和肥胖中发挥着重要作用。然而，基于对肠道微生物群的了解制定有意义且与临床相关的饮食建议仍然是一个关键挑战。最近的一些研究发现，根据 2 种微生物肠型（Prevotella 或 Bacteroides 优势）对个体进行分层，可能有助于预测对饮食和药物的反应。在这里，我们从营养角度综述肠型，并讨论肠型分层如何用于肥胖管理中的个性化营养。肠型的特点是具有独特的消化功能，偏爱特定的饮食底物，产生短链脂肪酸，可能影响宿主的能量平衡。因此，肠型可能会影响个体遵循特定饮食时减轻体重的能力。简而言之，高纤维饮食似乎可以优化 Prevotella 肠型受试者的体重减轻，但不能优化 Bacteroides 肠型受试者的体重减轻。相反，在 Bacteroides 肠型受试者中增加肠道双歧杆菌可以改善代谢参数，这表明这种方法可以作为替代的减肥策略。因此，肠型作为预处理肠道微生物群生物标志物，有可能成为个性化营养和肥胖管理的重要工具，尽管需要进一步的干预措施来评估其适用性。
