Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, D-54290 Trier, Germany.
Institute of Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Jan;99:137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.031. Epub 2018 Aug 25.
Acute stress is known to increase prosocial behavior in men via a "tend-and-befriend" pattern originally proposed as a specifically female stress response alongside the fight-or-flight response. However, the direct effects of acute stress on women's social behavior have not been investigated. Applying the Trier Social Stress Test for groups (TSST-G), 94 women were confronted with either a stress or control condition. We repeatedly measured their subjective stress responses, salivary cortisol, and heart rate, and investigated their level of trust, trustworthiness, sharing, punishment and non-social risk using social decision paradigms. We detected significant increases in all stress parameters, as well as the wish for closeness during the stress condition. Acute stress exposure elevated prosocial trustworthiness and sharing without affecting non-social risk behavior. These results are in line with findings on the effects of stress in men, and further validate the tend-and-befriend pattern as one possible behavioral response during stress in humans.
急性压力已知会通过“趋同和交友”模式增加男性的亲社会行为，这种模式最初是作为一种女性应激反应与战斗或逃跑反应一起提出的。然而，急性压力对女性社交行为的直接影响尚未得到调查。应用群体的特里尔社会应激测试（TSST-G），94 名女性面临着应激或对照条件。我们反复测量了她们的主观应激反应、唾液皮质醇和心率，并使用社会决策范式调查了她们的信任、诚信、分享、惩罚和非社会风险水平。我们发现所有的应激参数都有显著增加，应激条件下也有亲近的愿望。急性应激暴露会提高亲社会的诚信和分享，而不会影响非社会风险行为。这些结果与男性应激影响的发现一致，并进一步验证了“趋同和交友”模式是人类应激时一种可能的行为反应。
