Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Maturitas. 2018 Oct;116:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
To determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, sub-types of urinary incontinence (UI) in a nationally representative sample of midlife Bangladeshi women.
Bangladeshi women, aged 30-59, recruited by multi-stage cluster sampling, completed the Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence. The prevalence and the factors associated with each form of UI were explored using multivariable weighted logistic regression.
59.3% of the women were premenopausal, 8.4% perimenopausal and 32.3% postmenopausal. 83.2% had a BMI < 28 kg/m and none were using menopausal hormone therapy. The prevalence of stress UI was 5.4% (95% CI 4.4-6.6%), urgency UI 11.3% (9.8-12.9%), and mixed UI 7.0% (5.8-8.3%). Urgency UI was the most prevalent form of UI at each decade of age. Postmenopausal women were significantly more likely to have urgency UI (AOR 2.41, 95%CI 1.38-4.20; p = 0.002) and mixed UI (AOR 2.35, 95%CI 1.22-4.50; p = 0.010). Having more than 2 children was significantly associated with stress UI (AOR 2.79, 95%CI 1.30-6.00; p = 0.009) and urgency UI (AOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.28-4.30; p = 0.006), pelvic organ prolapse with stress UI (AOR 2.46, 95%CI 1.34-4.52; p = 0.004) and mixed UI (AOR 3.40, 95%CI 2.00-5.80; p < 0.0001), and diabetes with mixed UI (AOR 3.16, 95%CI 1.67-5.97; p < 0.0001). The women in the highest wealth quintile (AOR 0.27, 95%CI 0.10-0.72; p = 0.009) and underweight women had a lower risk of urgency UI (AOR 0.21, 95%CI 0.06-0.77; p = 0.018), while urgency UI was associated with working outside the home (AOR 3.11, 95%CI 1.36-7.15; p = 0.007) and obesity (AOR 3.00, 95%CI 1.57-5.74; p = 0.001).
The overall prevalence of UI amongst Bangladeshi midlife women is low, with urgency UI the most common form, in contrast to developed countries, where stress UI predominates. Being postmenopausal, having more than two children, being obese and working outside the home increase the likelihood of urgency UI, whereas higher socio-economic status and lower weight appear to be protective. Menopausal hormone therapy use was not reported by any study participants.
在具有全国代表性的孟加拉国中年女性样本中，确定下尿路症状（UI）亚型的流行率和危险因素。
通过多阶段聚类抽样招募年龄在 30-59 岁的孟加拉国女性，完成尿失禁诊断问卷。使用多变量加权逻辑回归探讨每种形式 UI 的患病率及其相关因素。
59.3%的女性处于绝经前，8.4%处于围绝经期，32.3%处于绝经后。83.2%的人体重指数（BMI）<28kg/m，没有使用绝经后激素治疗。压力性尿失禁的患病率为 5.4%（95%CI 4.4-6.6%），急迫性尿失禁为 11.3%（9.8-12.9%），混合性尿失禁为 7.0%（5.8-8.3%）。在每个年龄段，急迫性尿失禁是最常见的尿失禁形式。绝经后女性发生急迫性尿失禁（AOR 2.41，95%CI 1.38-4.20；p=0.002）和混合性尿失禁（AOR 2.35，95%CI 1.22-4.50；p=0.010）的可能性明显更高。有两个以上孩子与压力性尿失禁（AOR 2.79，95%CI 1.30-6.00；p=0.009）和急迫性尿失禁（AOR 2.34，95%CI 1.28-4.30；p=0.006）、盆腔器官脱垂与压力性尿失禁（AOR 2.46，95%CI 1.34-4.52；p=0.004）和混合性尿失禁（AOR 3.40，95%CI 2.00-5.80；p<0.0001）、糖尿病与混合性尿失禁（AOR 3.16，95%CI 1.67-5.97；p<0.0001）显著相关。在最高财富五分位数（AOR 0.27，95%CI 0.10-0.72；p=0.009）的女性和体重不足的女性中，急迫性尿失禁的风险较低（AOR 0.21，95%CI 0.06-0.77；p=0.018），而急迫性尿失禁与外出工作（AOR 3.11，95%CI 1.36-7.15；p=0.007）和肥胖（AOR 3.00，95%CI 1.57-5.74；p=0.001）有关。
与发达国家相比，孟加拉国中年女性的总体 UI 患病率较低，以急迫性尿失禁最为常见。绝经后、有两个以上孩子、肥胖和外出工作会增加急迫性尿失禁的可能性，而较高的社会经济地位和较低的体重似乎具有保护作用。没有研究参与者报告使用绝经后激素治疗。
