Long non-coding RNA CCAL/miR-149/FOXM1 axis promotes metastasis in gastric cancer.

Early evidence indicates that the long non-coding RNA CCAL plays a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the overall biological role and clinical significance of CCAL in gastric tumourigenesis and progression remain largely unknown. We observed that CCAL was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and was associated with the tumour-node-metastasis stage. Functional experiments showed that CCAL promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that CCAL directly bind to miR-149. Moreover, knockdown of CCAL significantly reduced the expression of FOXM1, a direct target of miR-149. We also showed that FOXM1 suppression by miR-149 could be partially rescued by CCAL overexpression. In addition, we identified a negative correlation between the mRNA expression of CCAL and miR-149 in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between the expression of miR-149 and FOXM1 and a positive correlation between CCAL and FOXM1 levels. These results demonstrated that the CCAL/miR-149/FOXM1 axis functions as a key regulator in gastric cancer metastasis and CCAL potentially represents a biomarker for diagnosis and potential target for therapy in the future.