Dwyer Candice, Cole Mark R
Department of Psychology, Huron University College at the University of Western Ontario, 1349 Western Road, London, Ontario, N6G 1H3, Canada.
Learn Behav. 2018 Dec;46(4):442-448. doi: 10.3758/s13420-018-0356-8.
There is abundant evidence that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) readily follow pointing and other cues given by humans. But there has been much less research into the question of whether dogs can learn to discriminate between different humans giving repeated honest or dishonest cues as to food location, by ignoring the information imparted by the deceiver. Prior research has demonstrated that even after repeated exposures to deceptive cues with respect to food location, dogs failed to learn to ignore those cues completely. Kundey, De Los Reyes, Arbuthnot, Coshun, Molina, and Royer (2010) found the same outcome in a similar experiment. The purpose of the current experiment was to determine if dogs could learn to discriminate between an honest and a deceptive human by ignoring the deceiver's cues even when it was obvious that the container being pointed at was not baited by using two transparent containers. Eight dogs were tested. On 20 cooperator trials, the experimenter stood behind the baited container and cued the dog, located midway between the containers and 3 m away, to approach it. On 20 deceiver trials, a different experimenter stood behind the empty container and cued the dog to approach that container. Results replicated prior research in that, even though the containers were transparent, the dogs failed to learn to distrust the deceiver completely and went to the empty and indicated container on more than half of the deceiver trials.
有充分的证据表明,家犬(犬科动物)很容易听从人类给出的指示和其他暗示。但是,对于狗是否能够通过忽略欺骗者传递的信息,学会区分给出关于食物位置的反复诚实或不诚实暗示的不同人类,相关研究要少得多。先前的研究表明,即使多次接触关于食物位置的欺骗性暗示,狗也未能学会完全忽略这些暗示。昆迪、德洛斯雷耶斯、阿巴思诺特、科顺、莫利纳和罗耶(2010年)在一项类似实验中也得到了相同的结果。当前实验的目的是确定狗是否能够通过忽略欺骗者的暗示,学会区分诚实的人和欺骗的人,即使很明显被指向的容器没有诱饵,实验使用了两个透明容器。对八只狗进行了测试。在20次合作者试验中,实验者站在有诱饵的容器后面,向位于两个容器中间且相距3米远的狗发出信号,让它靠近该容器。在20次欺骗者试验中,另一名实验者站在空容器后面,向狗发出信号,让它靠近那个容器。结果重复了先前的研究,即即使容器是透明的,狗也未能学会完全不信任欺骗者,并且在超过一半的欺骗者试验中走向了空的且被指示过的容器。