Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2019 Apr;29(3):379-388. doi: 10.1038/s41370-018-0074-5.
Reducing residential pesticide exposure requires identification of exposure pathways. Compared to the agriculture worker 'take-home' and residential use pathways, evidence of the 'drift' pathway to pesticide exposure has been inconsistent. Questionnaire data from individuals (n = 99) and dust samples (n = 418) from households across three growing seasons in 2011 were from the For Healthy Kids! study. Summed dimethyl organophosphate pesticide (OP) (Azinphos-Methyl, Phosmet, and Malathion) concentrations were quantified from house dust samples. Spatially-weighted orchard densities surrounding households were calculated based on various distances from homes. Regression models tested associations between orchard density, residential pesticide use, agriculture worker residents, and summed dimethyl OP house dust concentrations. Estimated relationships between orchard density and dimethyl OP in house dust were mixed: a 5% increase in orchard density resulted in 0.3 and 0.5% decreases in dimethyl OP house dust concentrations when considering land-cover 750 m or 1250 m away from households, respectively, but null associations with land-cover 60 m or 200 m away. Dimethyl OP house dust concentrations were 400% higher within homes where at least two residents were agriculture workers. Despite inconclusive evidence for the drift pathway due to potential for bias, relationships between number of agriculture workers and dimethyl OP house dust concentration underscores the take-home pathway.
减少住宅农药暴露需要确定暴露途径。与农业工人“带回家”和住宅使用途径相比，“漂移”途径导致农药暴露的证据一直不一致。2011 年三个生长季节中，来自“为了健康的孩子！”研究的个人问卷数据（n=99）和家庭灰尘样本（n=418）。从房屋灰尘样本中定量了 summed dimethyl organophosphate pesticide (OP)（azinphos-methyl、phosmet 和 malathion）浓度。根据房屋到果园的不同距离，计算了周围家庭的空间加权果园密度。回归模型测试了果园密度、住宅农药使用、农业工人居民和 summed dimethyl OP 房屋灰尘浓度之间的关联。果园密度与房屋灰尘中二甲基 OP 之间的估计关系复杂：当考虑距离房屋 750 米或 1250 米的土地覆盖时，果园密度每增加 5%，房屋灰尘中二甲基 OP 浓度分别降低 0.3%和 0.5%，但距离房屋 60 米或 200 米的土地覆盖与二甲基 OP 浓度无关联。至少有两名居民是农业工人的家庭中，房屋灰尘中二甲基 OP 浓度要高出 400%。尽管由于存在偏见的可能性，漂移途径的证据尚不确定，但农业工人数量与二甲基 OP 房屋灰尘浓度之间的关系突显了带回家途径。
