Milliner Chris, Materna Kathryn, Bürgmann Roland, Fu Yuning, Moore Angelyn W, Bekaert David, Adhikari Surendra, Argus Donald F
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Sci Adv. 2018 Sep 19;4(9):eaau2477. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2477. eCollection 2018 Sep.
On 26 August 2017, Hurricane Harvey struck the Gulf Coast as a category four cyclone depositing ~95 km of water, making it the wettest cyclone in U.S.
Water left in Harvey's wake should cause elastic loading and subsidence of Earth's crust, and uplift as it drains into the ocean and evaporates. To track daily changes of transient water storage, we use Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, finding a clear migration of subsidence (up to 21 mm) and horizontal motion (up to 4 mm) across the Gulf Coast, followed by gradual uplift over a 5-week period. Inversion of these data shows that a third of Harvey's total stormwater was captured on land (25.7 ± 3.0 km), indicating that the rest drained rapidly into the ocean at a rate of 8.2 km/day, with the remaining stored water gradually lost over the following 5 weeks at ~1 km/day, primarily by evapotranspiration. These results indicate that GPS networks can remotely track the spatial extent and daily evolution of terrestrial water storage following transient, extreme precipitation events, with implications for improving operational flood forecasts and understanding the response of drainage systems to large influxes of water.
2017年8月26日，飓风哈维以四级气旋的强度袭击了墨西哥湾沿岸，带来了约95千米的降雨量，使其成为美国降雨最多的气旋。
哈维过后留下的积水会导致地壳产生弹性加载和下沉，而当积水排入海洋并蒸发时又会导致地壳上升。为了追踪暂态蓄水的每日变化，我们使用全球定位系统（GPS）测量，发现在墨西哥湾沿岸有明显的下沉（达21毫米）和水平移动（达4毫米）迁移，随后在5周内逐渐上升。对这些数据的反演表明，哈维总雨水的三分之一被截留在陆地上（25.7±3.0千米），这表明其余的雨水以8.2千米/天的速度迅速排入海洋，剩余的蓄水在接下来的5周内以约1千米/天的速度逐渐流失，主要是通过蒸发散。这些结果表明，GPS网络可以远程追踪极端降水事件后陆地蓄水的空间范围和每日变化，这对改进洪水业务预报以及理解排水系统对大量水流入的响应具有重要意义。
