Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.
Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2018 Nov 8;13(11):1191-1201. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsy087.
Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants' previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
奖励处理在各种精神病理学中发生改变，并已被证明易受遗传和环境影响。在这里，我们研究了母婴互动是否可以缓冲精神障碍的家族风险在奖励处理方面的影响。在一项从出生开始就进行的流行病学队列研究中，参与者接受了货币奖励延迟任务的功能性磁共振成像（N=172，25 岁）。在 3 个月大时，通过标准化的护理/玩耍环境评估早期母婴互动。通过诊断访谈评估儿童时期的父母精神障碍（家族风险）和参与者以前的精神病理学。在高家族风险中，较高的母婴互动与在奖励预期期间，尾状核头部、补充运动区、扣带和中额回的激活增加有关，而在没有家族风险的个体中则发现了相反的模式。相比之下，在高风险组中，较高的母婴互动与奖励传递期间尾状核头部活动减少以及注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）水平降低有关。奖励预期期间尾状核头部活动减少和传递期间活动增加与 ADHD 有关。这些发现提供了证据表明，早期母婴互动与外部行为和发展过程中的 ADHD 的成年神经生物学奖励系统之间存在长期关联。
