Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018 Sep 26;18(11):61. doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0815-5.
Allergy and asthma are growing problems in the developed world. The accelerated increase of these diseases may be related to microbiome modification that leads to aberrant activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Current research supports the concept that changes in microbial communities in early life impact TLR activation, resulting in an altered risk for the development of asthma and allergies.
Prenatal and early childhood events that generate microbiome modification are closely related with TLR activation. Early childhood exposure to a rich array of TLR agonists, particularly lipopolysaccharide, strongly predicts protection against allergic disease later in life even when other lifestyle factors are accounted for. Genetic deletion of TLR signaling components in mice results in reduced function of tolerogenic cell populations in the gut. In contrast, weak TLR signaling can promote allergic sensitization later in life. This review summarizes the role of TLR signaling in microbiome-mediated protection against allergy.
过敏和哮喘是发达国家日益严重的问题。这些疾病的加速增长可能与导致 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 异常激活的微生物组修饰有关。目前的研究支持这样一种概念，即生命早期微生物群落的变化会影响 TLR 的激活，从而改变哮喘和过敏的发展风险。
导致微生物组修饰的产前和儿童早期事件与 TLR 激活密切相关。儿童早期接触丰富多样的 TLR 激动剂，特别是脂多糖，即使考虑到其他生活方式因素，也能强烈预测日后对过敏疾病的保护作用。在小鼠中基因敲除 TLR 信号传导成分会导致肠道中耐受细胞群的功能降低。相比之下，较弱的 TLR 信号可以促进日后的过敏致敏。本综述总结了 TLR 信号在微生物组介导的过敏保护中的作用。
