Song Jin Ah, Choi Cheol Young
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2019 Feb;45(1):391-400. doi: 10.1007/s10695-018-0571-4. Epub 2018 Sep 29.
There have been a number of studies on the negative effects of blue light exposure in various species; however, little information is available on the impacts of blue light intensity and duration on fish. We investigated the effects of blue light spectra on stress in the retinas of goldfish, using a blue (460 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) at three intensities (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m). The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks, and sampling was performed at intervals of 1 week. We measured changes in the expression of cortisol, and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HO), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCH-R), and caspase-3 in the retinas of goldfish. In addition, we measured histological changes in the retina. We used a transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to evaluate the apoptotic response to blue LED spectra. Levels of cortisol, HO, MCH-R, and caspase-3 increased with exposure time and light intensity. Histological analysis revealed that the thickness of melanin granules increased with exposure time and light intensity. The progressive TUNEL assay revealed many apoptotic cells after exposure to blue LED light, increasing with exposure time and light intensity. Irradiation with blue light for longer than 1 week induced increased retinal stress and may induce apoptosis in the retinas of goldfish, even at a low intensity.
已有多项关于蓝光照射对不同物种负面影响的研究；然而，关于蓝光强度和持续时间对鱼类影响的信息却很少。我们使用蓝色（460纳米）发光二极管（LED），以三种强度（0.5、1.0和1.5瓦/平方米）研究了蓝光光谱对金鱼视网膜应激的影响。实验进行了4周，每隔1周进行一次采样。我们测量了金鱼视网膜中皮质醇的表达变化、过氧化氢（HO）、黑色素浓缩激素受体（MCH-R）和半胱天冬酶-3的浓度。此外，我们还测量了视网膜的组织学变化。我们使用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记（TUNEL）测定法来评估对蓝色LED光谱的凋亡反应。皮质醇、HO、MCH-R和半胱天冬酶-3的水平随暴露时间和光强度的增加而升高。组织学分析表明，黑色素颗粒的厚度随暴露时间和光强度的增加而增加。渐进式TUNEL测定法显示，暴露于蓝色LED光后有许多凋亡细胞，且随暴露时间和光强度的增加而增多。蓝光照射超过1周会导致金鱼视网膜应激增加，即使在低强度下也可能诱导视网膜细胞凋亡。
