Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Sep 28;16(10):354. doi: 10.3390/md16100354.
The green alga can accumulate lutein and chlorophyll under heterotrophic conditions. We propose that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain (mRET) may be involved in this process. To verify this hypothesis, algal cells were treated with different mRET inhibitors. The biosynthesis of lutein and chlorophyll was found to be significantly stimulated by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), whereas their contents substantially decreased after treatment with antimycin A and sodium azide (NaN₃). Proteomic studies revealed profound protein alterations related to the redox and energy states, and a network was proposed: The up-regulation of peroxiredoxin reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetic acid to phosphoenolpyruvate, and after entering the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1yl diphosphate synthase reduces 2--methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME-Cpp) to 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP), which is closely related to the synthesis of lutein; and coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and ChlI play important roles in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. These results supported that for the heterotrophic , the signaling, oriented from mRET, may regulate the nuclear genes encoding the enzymes involved in photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis.
在异养条件下，绿藻可以积累叶黄素和叶绿素。我们提出，线粒体呼吸电子传递链（mRET）可能参与了这个过程。为了验证这一假说，用不同的 mRET 抑制剂处理藻类细胞。发现水杨羟肟酸（SHAM）显著刺激叶黄素和叶绿素的生物合成，而在用antimycin A 和叠氮化钠（NaN₃）处理后，其含量显著降低。蛋白质组学研究揭示了与氧化还原和能量状态相关的深刻的蛋白质变化，并提出了一个网络：过氧化物酶的上调将氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）还原为还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）；磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）催化草酰乙酸转化为磷酸烯醇丙酮酸，进入甲基赤藓醇磷酸（MEP）途径后，4-羟-3-甲基丁-2-烯-1-二磷酸合酶将 2--甲基-d-赤藓醇-2,4-环二磷酸（ME-Cpp）还原为 1-羟基-2-甲基-2-（E）-丁烯基 4-二磷酸（HMBPP），这与叶黄素的合成密切相关；粪卟啉原氧化酶和 ChlI 在叶绿素生物合成途径中起重要作用。这些结果表明，对于异养，可能从 mRET 定向的信号可以调节编码参与光合作用色素生物合成的酶的核基因。
