Vagge Aldo, Ferro Desideri Lorenzo, Nucci Paolo, Serafino Massimiliano, Giannaccare Giuseppe, Traverso Carlo E
Eye Clinic of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Diseases. 2018 Sep 30;6(4):92. doi: 10.3390/diseases6040092.
The prevalence of myopia has increased worldwide in recent decades and now is endemic over the entire industrial world. This increase is mainly caused by changes in lifestyle and behavior. In particular, the amount of outdoor activities and near work would display an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Several strategies have been reported as effective. Spectacles and contact lenses have shown only slight results in the prevention of myopia and similarly ortokerathology should not be considered as a first-line strategy, given the high risk of infectious keratitis and the relatively low compliance for the patients. Thus, to date, atropine ophthalmic drops seem to be the most effective treatment for slowing the progression of myopia, although the exact mechanism of the effect of treatment is still uncertain. In particular, low-dose atropine (0.01%) was proven to be an effective and safe treatment in the long term due to the lowest rebound effect with negligible side effects.
近几十年来，近视在全球范围内的患病率有所上升，目前在整个工业化世界中呈地方性流行。这种增加主要是由生活方式和行为的变化引起的。特别是，户外活动和近距离工作的时长在该疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。已有几种策略被报道为有效。眼镜和隐形眼镜在预防近视方面仅显示出轻微效果，同样，鉴于感染性角膜炎的高风险以及患者相对较低的依从性，角膜塑形术不应被视为一线策略。因此，迄今为止，阿托品眼药水似乎是减缓近视进展最有效的治疗方法，尽管治疗效果的确切机制仍不确定。特别是，低剂量阿托品（0.01%）由于反弹效应最低且副作用可忽略不计，已被证明是一种长期有效且安全的治疗方法。
