University of Pittsburgh Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Aug;51:103-110. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
The development of anatomical structures is complex, beginning with patterning of gene expression by multiple gene regulatory networks (GRNs). These networks ultimately regulate the activity of effector molecules, which in turn alter cellular behavior during development. Together these processes biomechanically produce the three-dimensional shape that the anatomical structure adopts over time. However, the interfaces between these processes are often overlooked and also include counter-intuitive feedback mechanisms. In this review, we examine each step in this extraordinarily complex process and explore how evolutionary developmental biology model systems, such as butterfly scales, vertebrate teeth, and the Drosophila dorsal appendage offer a complementary approach to expose the multifactorial integration of genetics and morphogenesis from an alternative perspective.
解剖结构的发育非常复杂，其起始于多个基因调控网络（GRN）对基因表达模式的形成。这些网络最终调节效应分子的活性，进而在发育过程中改变细胞行为。这些过程共同通过生物力学产生解剖结构随时间演变的三维形状。然而，这些过程的接口往往被忽视，并且还包括违反直觉的反馈机制。在这篇综述中，我们检查了这个极其复杂的过程中的每一个步骤，并探讨了蝴蝶鳞片、脊椎动物牙齿和果蝇背附肢等进化发育生物学模型系统如何提供一种互补的方法，从另一个角度揭示遗传和形态发生的多因素整合。
