LeBrón Alana M W, Cowan Keta, Lopez William D, Novak Nicole L, Ibarra-Frayre Maria, Delva Jorge
Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
Health Equity. 2018 Sep 25;2(1):239-249. doi: 10.1089/heq.2018.0022. eCollection 2018.
Policies that restrict access to U.S. government-issued photo identification (ID) cards adversely affect multiple marginalized communities. This context impedes access to health-promoting resources that increasingly require government-issued IDs and exacerbates health inequities. In 2015, Washtenaw County, Michigan, implemented the Washtenaw ID to improve access to resources contingent upon having an ID. We employed an audit study to examine whether Washtenaw ID users experienced racially biased treatment in carding experiences and acceptance of the Washtenaw ID. Seven 25- to 32-year-old mystery shoppers (two Latina, three black, and two white women) attempted to purchase a standardized basket of goods, including an age-restricted item in Washtenaw County stores (=130 shopping experiences). We examined whether experiences of being asked for ID and acceptance of the Washtenaw ID varied by race/ethnicity. Each shopper visited 9-22 stores. Shoppers were asked for ID in 63.1% of shopping experiences. Of these, the Washtenaw ID was accepted 91.5% of the time. Among those who were asked for ID, a higher percentage of Latina (16.0%) shoppers had their Washtenaw IDs rejected than black (6.3%) and white (4.0%) shoppers, although differences were not statistically significant (=0.27). Latina shoppers had 2.9 times the odds of receiving a comment about their Washtenaw ID relative to white shoppers (OR=2.92, =0.08), comments that were nonpositive. Local IDs may improve access to resources contingent upon having an ID. However, racialization processes, including anti-immigrant sentiments, may inhibit the mitigating goal of local IDs. Continued attention to the health equity impacts of equity-driven interventions is warranted.
限制获取美国政府颁发的带照片身份证件的政策对多个边缘化社区产生了不利影响。这种情况阻碍了人们获取越来越需要政府颁发的身份证件的促进健康资源，并加剧了健康不平等。2015年，密歇根州沃什特瑙县实施了沃什特瑙身份证计划，以改善获取依赖身份证件的资源的机会。我们采用了一项审计研究，以检验沃什特瑙身份证用户在身份查验经历以及沃什特瑙身份证的接受方面是否遭遇种族偏见待遇。七名年龄在25至32岁之间的神秘顾客（两名拉丁裔、三名黑人以及两名白人女性）试图在沃什特瑙县的商店购买一篮子标准化商品，其中包括一件有年龄限制的商品（共130次购物经历）。我们研究了被要求出示身份证件的经历以及沃什特瑙身份证的接受情况是否因种族/族裔而异。每位顾客走访了9至22家商店。在63.1%的购物经历中，顾客被要求出示身份证件。其中，沃什特瑙身份证在91.5%的情况下被接受。在那些被要求出示身份证件的人中，拉丁裔顾客（16.0%）的沃什特瑙身份证被拒的比例高于黑人顾客（6.3%）和白人顾客（4.0%），尽管差异无统计学意义（P=0.27）。相对于白人顾客，拉丁裔顾客收到关于其沃什特瑙身份证的负面评价的几率是白人顾客的2.9倍（OR=2.92，P=0.08）。地方身份证件可能会改善获取依赖身份证件的资源的机会。然而，包括反移民情绪在内的种族化过程可能会抑制地方身份证件的缓解目标。有必要持续关注公平驱动干预措施对健康公平的影响。
