Penn State PRO Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America.
Penn State PRO Wellness, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States of America.
Prev Med. 2019 Jan;118:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.020. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Despite the known benefits of breastmilk, associations between breastfeeding and child overall health outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to understand associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes, including child weight, through age 3. Analysis included women (N = 3006) in the longitudinal, prospective First Baby Study from 2009 to 2014. For this analysis, breastfeeding initiation and duration were measured using self-reported data from the 1-, 6- and 12-month surveys; child illnesses were analyzed from the 6-, 12-, and 24-month interviews; height and weight at age 3 were used to determine overweight/obese (≥85th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile). Adjusted logistic regressions were utilized to determine significance. Greater duration of breastfeeding was associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months (p < 0.001) and fewer diarrheal illness/constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months (p = 0.05) in adjusted analyses. Fewer breastfed children, compared to non-breastfed children, were overweight/obese (23.5% vs. 37.8%; p = 0.032) or obese (9.1% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.012) at age 3. Breastfeeding duration was negatively associated with overweight/obese (never breastfed: 37.8%, 0-6 months: 26.9%, >6 months: 20.2%; p = 0.020) and obesity (never breastfed: 21.6%, 0-6 months: 11.0%, >6 months: 7.3%; p = 0.012). Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that duration of breastfeeding is associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months of age and diarrheal illness and/or constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months. Additionally, results from our study suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding from childhood overweight/obesity, as children who received breastmilk for 6 months or longer had lower odds of overweight/obesity at age 3 years.
尽管母乳喂养有诸多益处，但母乳喂养与儿童整体健康结果之间的关联仍不清楚。我们旨在了解母乳喂养与健康结果之间的关联，包括儿童体重，直至 3 岁。分析包括 2009 年至 2014 年期间纵向前瞻性“第一个宝宝研究”中的女性（N=3006）。在这项分析中，通过 1 个月、6 个月和 12 个月调查的自我报告数据测量母乳喂养的开始和持续时间；6 个月、12 个月和 24 个月的访谈分析了儿童疾病；3 岁时的身高和体重用于确定超重/肥胖（≥第 85 百分位数）和肥胖（≥第 95 百分位数）。采用调整后的逻辑回归确定显著性。调整分析显示，母乳喂养持续时间较长与 6 个月时报告的急性疾病较少（p<0.001）以及 6、12 和 24 个月时腹泻/便秘发作次数较少相关（p=0.05）。与非母乳喂养的儿童相比，较少的母乳喂养儿童超重/肥胖（23.5%比 37.8%；p=0.032）或肥胖（9.1%比 21.6%；p=0.012）在 3 岁时。母乳喂养持续时间与超重/肥胖呈负相关（从未母乳喂养：37.8%，0-6 个月：26.9%，>6 个月：20.2%；p=0.020）和肥胖（从未母乳喂养：21.6%，0-6 个月：11.0%，>6 个月：7.3%；p=0.012）。总体而言，我们的研究结果支持母乳喂养持续时间与 6 个月时报告的急性疾病较少以及 6、12 和 24 个月时腹泻和/或便秘发作次数较少的假设。此外，我们的研究结果表明母乳喂养对儿童超重/肥胖具有保护作用，因为接受母乳喂养 6 个月或更长时间的儿童在 3 岁时超重/肥胖的几率较低。
