Lee Kyu Won, Choi Eun Kyung
The Institute for Medical Humanities, Inje University.
Korea National Institute for Bioethics Policy.
Uisahak. 2018 Aug;27(2):151-184. doi: 10.13081/kjmh.2018.27.151.
The Korean Empire, its state sovereignty threatened by the Empire of Japan, joined the Geneva Conventions in 1903 for the purpose of neutral diplomacy and established the imperial Korean Red Cross Hospital in 1905. This hospital was a result of the effort of the Korean Empire to seek a new medical system based on the Western medicine. However, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan interfered straightforwardly in the domestic affairs of Korea and eventually abolished the Korean Red Cross Hospital in 1907 to create Daehan Hospital under Japanese colonial rule. With newly-found historical records, this study investigates the whole process of the Korean Red Cross Hospital, which has remained unknown so far, despite its importance. From the very beginning, the Korean Red Cross Hospital was under strong influence of the Empire of Japan. The site for the hospital was chosen by a Japanese army doctor, Junryō Yoshimoto, and the construction was supervised by Rokurō Katsumata, who also later on are involved in the construction of Daehan Hospital. Moreover, all the main positions for medical treatments were held by Japanese practitioners such as Gorō Tatami and Kaneko Yano. Nevertheless, the Korean government had to shoulder the all operating costs. The office of the Korean Red Cross was relocated away from the Korean Red Cross Hospital, and the government of the Korean Empire was not willing to burden the expenses of the Hospital. Moreover, the list of employees of the Korean Red Cross and that of the Korean Red Cross Hospital were drawn up separately: the former is left only in Korea and the latter in Japan. These facts suggest that those two institutes were managed dualistically unlike any other nation, implying that this may have been a means to support the Daehan Hospital project. According to the statistics, health care services in the Korean Red Cross Hospital seems to have been carried out successfully. There had been an increase in the number of patients, and the ratio of female patients was relatively high (26.4%). Only Western medications were prescribed and surgical operations with anesthesia were performed routinely. The approach to Western medicine in Korea was changing during that period. The rise and fall of the Korean Red Cross Hospital represent the urgent situation of the Korean Empire as well as the imperialistic methodology of the Empire of Japan to use medicine as a tool for colonization. Although the transition process of medical policy by the Japanese Resident-General of Korea still remains to be fully elucidated, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the history of modern medicine in Korea.
大韩帝国，其国家主权受到日本帝国的威胁，于1903年为中立外交目的加入了《日内瓦公约》，并于1905年设立了大韩帝国红十字医院。这家医院是大韩帝国努力寻求基于西医的新医疗体系的成果。然而，日俄战争后，日本直接干涉朝鲜内政，最终于1907年废除了大韩帝国红十字医院，在日本殖民统治下创建了大韩医院。借助新发现的历史记录，本研究调查了大韩帝国红十字医院迄今为止仍不为人知的全过程，尽管其意义重大。从一开始，大韩帝国红十字医院就受到日本帝国的强烈影响。医院的选址由日本军医吉本纯良选定，建设由胜又六郎监督，后者后来也参与了大韩医院的建设。此外，所有主要医疗职位都由日本从业者担任，如田畑五郎和矢野金子。然而，韩国政府不得不承担所有运营成本。大韩帝国红十字会办公室从大韩帝国红十字医院迁走，大韩帝国政府不愿承担医院的费用。此外，大韩帝国红十字会和大韩帝国红十字医院的员工名单是分别拟定的：前者仅留在韩国，后者在日本。这些事实表明，这两个机构的管理方式与其他国家不同，是二元化的，这意味着这可能是支持大韩医院项目的一种手段。据统计，大韩帝国红十字医院的医疗服务似乎开展得很成功。患者数量有所增加，女性患者比例相对较高（26.4%）。只开西药，常规进行有麻醉的外科手术。当时韩国对西医的态度正在发生变化。大韩帝国红十字医院的兴衰代表了大韩帝国的紧迫局势以及日本帝国将医学用作殖民工具的帝国主义手段。尽管韩国日本统监府的医疗政策转变过程仍有待充分阐明，但本文有助于更好地理解韩国现代医学史。
