Birkenhead Karen L, Barr Susan I, Lovell Geoff, Solomon Colin
School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia -
Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 May;59(5):798-807. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08882-5. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
There is currently no information on the lifetime diet of ultra-endurance exercisers. This study describes changes in diet across the lifetime of current ultra-endurance exercisers and the relationship between diet and physical activity (specifically ultra-endurance exercise [UEE]).
Lifetime physical activity and diet were assessed in current ultra-endurance exercisers (N.=120; ages 21-74 years) over six life periods (5-12, 13-18, 19-30, 31-45, 46-60, 61-75 years). Using the life period having the largest absolute increase in UEE (IUEE), diet was assessed according to food category scores and dietary patterns. Changes in lifetime diet were described by comparing food category scores between adjacent life periods. Differences in food category scores were investigated between the life period for each IUEE group and the preceding life period and associations between dietary patterns and UEE were investigated within each IUEE group. Relationships between lifetime diet and UEE were investigated by examining associations between lifetime food category scores and lifetime UEE.
The participant group had significant increases in all food category scores from 13-18 to 19-30 years and significant decreases in all food category scores from 19-30 to 31-45 years. UEE correlated negatively with the Western style dietary pattern in the IUEE19-30 group and positively with the fruit and vegetable dietary pattern in the IUEE31-45 group. There was a positive correlation between lifetime UEE and lifetime vegetables and fruit category scores.
The ultra-endurance exercisers in this study exhibited changes in diet similar to general populations, which appear to reflect typical nutritional requirements across the lifespan.
目前尚无关于超耐力运动者终生饮食的信息。本研究描述了当前超耐力运动者一生中饮食的变化，以及饮食与身体活动（特别是超耐力运动[UEE]）之间的关系。
对当前的超耐力运动者（N = 120；年龄21 - 74岁）在六个生命阶段（5 - 12岁、13 - 18岁、19 - 30岁、31 - 45岁、46 - 60岁、61 - 75岁）的终生身体活动和饮食进行评估。使用超耐力运动绝对增加量最大的生命阶段（IUEE），根据食物类别得分和饮食模式评估饮食。通过比较相邻生命阶段的食物类别得分来描述终生饮食的变化。研究每个IUEE组的生命阶段与前一个生命阶段之间食物类别得分的差异，并在每个IUEE组内研究饮食模式与UEE之间的关联。通过检查终生食物类别得分与终生UEE之间的关联来研究终生饮食与UEE之间的关系。
参与者组从13 - 18岁到19 - 30岁所有食物类别得分均显著增加，从19 - 30岁到31 - 45岁所有食物类别得分均显著下降。在IUEE19 - 30组中，UEE与西式饮食模式呈负相关，在IUEE31 - 45组中与果蔬饮食模式呈正相关。终生UEE与终生蔬菜和水果类别得分之间存在正相关。
本研究中的超耐力运动者饮食变化与一般人群相似，这似乎反映了一生中典型的营养需求。
