Wadolowska Lidia, Kowalkowska Joanna, Lonnie Marta, Czarnocinska Jolanta, Jezewska-Zychowicz Marzena, Babicz-Zielinska Ewa
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 2;16:698. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3367-4.
Similar to other countries, trends of decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) and an increasing prevalence of unhealthy dietary patterns are observed among girls in Poland. Better understanding of potentially inter-related behaviours within this population can help to design tailored interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls.
Girls aged 13-21 years (n = 1107) were randomly selected for the study. PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long (IPAQ-L). Dietary data were collected with food frequency questionnaires. PA patterns and dietary patterns were drawn separately by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Logistic regression was used to find the associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns.
Four major PA patterns ('School/work activity', 'Active recreation', 'Yard activity' and 'Walking and domestic activity') and four dietary patterns ('Traditional Polish', 'Fruit & vegetables', 'Fast food & sweets' and 'Dairy & fats') were identified. Level of PA was the highest in the upper tertile of 'School/work activity' pattern (mean 1372.2 MET-minutes/week, 95 % Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1285.9-1458.5). Girls in upper tertiles of 'Yard activity', 'Active recreation' and 'School/work activity' patterns had significantly higher chances of being in the upper tertile of the 'Fruit and vegetables' dietary pattern (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.50-3.14, p < 0.0001; OR 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.41-2.91; p < 0.001 and OR 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.24-2.51, p < 0.01 respectively; all adjusted for confounders) in comparison to bottom tertiles. Weak, but significant inverse associations were found between upper tertiles of 'Active recreation' and 'Yard activity' patterns and unhealthy dietary patterns.
We found associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in the population of Polish girls. Girls with the highest adherence to the 'School/work activity' pattern had the highest levels of PA and presented pro-healthy dietary behaviours. School should be recognised as potentially efficient and important setting to maximise girls' PA potential. The after-school time is the area that should also be targeted to increase daily PA or to at least sustain the level of PA after completing education.
与其他国家类似，在波兰女孩中也观察到身体活动（PA）水平下降和不健康饮食模式患病率上升的趋势。更好地了解这一人群中潜在的相互关联行为有助于设计针对性的干预措施。本研究的目的是确定波兰女孩代表性样本中PA模式与饮食模式之间的关联。
随机选择13至21岁的女孩（n = 1107）进行研究。使用国际身体活动问卷长表（IPAQ-L）评估PA。通过食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。分别通过主成分分析（PCA）得出PA模式和饮食模式。使用逻辑回归来发现PA模式与饮食模式之间的关联。
确定了四种主要的PA模式（“学校/工作活动”、“积极休闲”、“庭院活动”和“步行及家务活动”）和四种饮食模式（“传统波兰饮食”、“水果和蔬菜”、“快餐和甜食”以及“乳制品和脂肪”）。在“学校/工作活动”模式的上三分位数中PA水平最高（平均每周1372.2代谢当量分钟，95%置信区间[CI]：1285.9 - 1458.5）。与下三分位数相比，“庭院活动”、“积极休闲”和“学校/工作活动”模式上三分位数的女孩处于“水果和蔬菜”饮食模式上三分位数的可能性显著更高（优势比[OR] 2.17，95% CI：1.50 - 3.14，p < 0.0001；OR 2.02，95% CI：1.41 - 2.91；p < 0.001；以及OR 1.76，95% CI：1.24 - 2.51，p < 0.01；均对混杂因素进行了调整）。在“积极休闲”和“庭院活动”模式的上三分位数与不健康饮食模式之间发现了微弱但显著的负相关。
我们在波兰女孩人群中发现了PA模式与饮食模式之间的关联。对“学校/工作活动”模式依从性最高的女孩PA水平最高，并表现出有利于健康的饮食行为。学校应被视为发挥女孩PA潜力的潜在有效且重要场所。课后时间也是应针对增加日常PA或至少在完成学业后维持PA水平的领域。
