School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 4;15(11):e0241284. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241284. eCollection 2020.
Minimal research has examined psychological processes underpinning ultra-marathon runners' performance. This study examined the relationships between mental toughness and self-efficacy with performance in an elite sample of ultra-marathon runners competing in the 2019 Hawaiian Ultra Running Team's Trail 100-mile endurance run (HURT100). The Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) and the Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES) were completed by 56 elite ultra-marathon runners in the HURT100 (38 males, 18 females; Mage = 38.86 years, SDage = 9.23). Findings revealed mental toughness and self-efficacy are highly related constructs (r(54) = 0.72, p < 0.001). Mental toughness and self-efficacy did not significantly relate to ultra-marathon performance (mental toughness and self-efficacy with Ultra-Trail World Tour (UTWT) rank F(2, 53) = 0.738, p = 0.483; mental toughness and self-efficacy with likelihood would finish the HURT100 χ2 = 0.56, p = 0.756; mental toughness and self-efficacy with HURT100 placing and time F(2, 53) = 1.738, p = 0.186 and F(2, 30) = 2.046, p = 0.147, respectively). However, participants had significantly and meaningfully higher mental toughness (M = 45.42, SD = 4.26, medium and large effect sizes) than athletes from other sports previously published. Our interpretation is that these results taken in conjunction, suggest a threshold of mental toughness that performers require to be of the standard needed to be able to prepare for and compete in elite ultra-marathon events such as the HURT100; once this mental toughness threshold is met, other factors are likely to be more influential in determining elite level ultra-marathon performance.
对支持超长马拉松运动员表现的心理过程进行了最小研究。本研究考察了心理韧性和自我效能感与参加 2019 年夏威夷超长跑步队（HURT100）赛道 100 英里耐力跑的精英超长马拉松运动员（HURT100）表现之间的关系。56 名参加 HURT100 的精英超长马拉松运动员完成了《心理韧性问卷》（SMTQ）和《耐力运动自我效能量表》（ESSES）（38 名男性，18 名女性；Mage = 38.86 岁，SDage = 9.23）。研究结果表明，心理韧性和自我效能感是高度相关的结构（r（54）= 0.72，p < 0.001）。心理韧性和自我效能感与超长马拉松表现没有显著关系（心理韧性和自我效能感与 UTWT 排名 F（2,53）= 0.738，p = 0.483；心理韧性和自我效能感与完成 HURT100 的可能性 χ2 = 0.56，p = 0.756；心理韧性和自我效能感与 HURT100 的位置和时间 F（2,53）= 1.738，p = 0.186 和 F（2,30）= 2.046，p = 0.147，分别）。然而，参与者的心理韧性明显更高（M = 45.42，SD = 4.26，中等和大效应量），高于之前发表的其他运动的运动员。我们的解释是，这些结果结合在一起表明，表演者需要达到一定的心理韧性阈值，才能有标准准备和参加 HURT100 等精英超长马拉松赛事；一旦达到这个心理韧性阈值，其他因素可能更能影响确定精英超长马拉松的表现。
