von Frieling Jakob, Fink Christine, Hamm Jacob, Klischies Kenneth, Forster Michael, Bosch Thomas C G, Roeder Thomas, Rosenstiel Philip, Sommer Felix
Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 20;9:2020. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02020. eCollection 2018.
The eukaryotic host is in close contact to myriads of resident and transient microbes, which influence the crucial physiological pathways. Emerging evidence points to their role of host-microbe interactions for controlling tissue homeostasis, cell fate decisions, and regenerative capacity in epithelial barrier organs including the skin, lung, and gut. In humans and mice, it has been shown that the malignant tumors of these organs harbor an altered microbiota. Mechanistic studies have shown that the altered metabolic properties and secreted factors contribute to epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Exciting recent work points toward a crucial influence of the associated microbial communities on the response to chemotherapy and immune-check point inhibitors during cancer treatment, which suggests that the modulation of the microbiota might be a powerful tool for personalized oncology. In this article, we provide an overview of how the bacterial signals and signatures may influence epithelial homeostasis across taxa from cnidarians to vertebrates and delineate mechanisms, which might be potential targets for therapy of human diseases by either harnessing barrier integrity (infection and inflammation) or restoring uncontrolled proliferation (cancer).
真核宿主与无数常驻和暂居微生物密切接触，这些微生物会影响关键的生理途径。新出现的证据表明，宿主与微生物的相互作用在控制包括皮肤、肺和肠道在内的上皮屏障器官的组织稳态、细胞命运决定和再生能力方面发挥着作用。在人类和小鼠中，已表明这些器官的恶性肿瘤中微生物群发生了改变。机制研究表明，改变的代谢特性和分泌因子会促进上皮细胞癌变和肿瘤进展。最近令人兴奋的研究表明，相关微生物群落对癌症治疗期间化疗和免疫检查点抑制剂的反应有至关重要的影响，这表明调节微生物群可能是个性化肿瘤学的有力工具。在本文中，我们概述了细菌信号和特征如何影响从刺胞动物到脊椎动物各分类群的上皮稳态，并描述了可能成为治疗人类疾病潜在靶点的机制，这些机制要么通过利用屏障完整性（感染和炎症），要么通过恢复不受控制的增殖（癌症）来实现。
