J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2019 Spring;33(2):205–212. doi: 10.11607/ofph.2088. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
To investigate the relationships between three pain parameters (duration, intensity, and frequency), the number of pain sites and comorbidities, and the risk of having coexisting pain and/or comorbidities in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain.
The sample consisted of 198 outpatients attending the Dental Hospital of Chulalongkorn University. TMD pain was determined using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Pain lasting 3 months or longer was defined as chronic pain. Pain intensity was reflected using a 0- to 10-point numeric rating scale, and pain frequency was assessed with the percentage of pain days over a 2-week period. The number of pain sites was evaluated using the Widespread Pain Index. The presence of comorbidities was assessed with a validated diagnostic questionnaire. The associations were analyzed using Spearman rho test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression, with a significance level of P ≤ .05. Age and gender were analyzed as confounders.
The number of pain sites was related to pain duration, pain intensity, and age. The number of comorbidities was associated with pain duration. Neither pain frequency nor gender were related to the number of pain sites or comorbidities. When the pain duration reached 1 month, patients had a 1.045-times higher probability of pain beyond the orofacial area (odds ratio [OR] = 1.045; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.024 to 1.066; P = .001) and a 1.028-times higher probability of comorbidities (OR = 1.028; 95% CI = 1.005 to 1.05; P = .008). For an increase of 1 score on the numeric rating scale, patients had a 1.206-times higher probability of pain presence beyond the orofacial area (OR = 1.206; 95% CI = 1.068 to 1.344; P = .026).
High pain intensity and long pain duration increase the probability of having coexisting pain and comorbidities in TMD pain patients.
研究三种疼痛参数（持续时间、强度和频率）、疼痛部位和并存疾病数量之间的关系，以及在颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）疼痛患者中并存疼痛和/或并存疾病的风险。
该样本包括 198 名在朱拉隆功大学牙科学院就诊的门诊患者。使用 TMD 诊断标准确定 TMD 疼痛。疼痛持续 3 个月或以上定义为慢性疼痛。疼痛强度用 0 到 10 分的数字评分量表来反映，疼痛频率用 2 周内疼痛天数的百分比来评估。疼痛部位的数量用广泛性疼痛指数来评估。并存疾病的存在用经过验证的诊断问卷来评估。使用 Spearman rho 检验、多元线性回归和逻辑回归分析相关性，显著性水平 P ≤.05。年龄和性别作为混杂因素进行分析。
疼痛部位的数量与疼痛持续时间、疼痛强度和年龄有关。并存疾病的数量与疼痛持续时间有关。疼痛频率和性别与疼痛部位或并存疾病的数量均无关。当疼痛持续时间达到 1 个月时，患者疼痛超出口面区域的概率增加 1.045 倍（比值比[OR] = 1.045；95%置信区间[CI] = 1.024 至 1.066；P =.001），并存疾病的概率增加 1.028 倍（OR = 1.028；95% CI = 1.005 至 1.05；P =.008）。数字评分量表增加 1 分，患者疼痛超出口面区域的概率增加 1.206 倍（OR = 1.206；95% CI = 1.068 至 1.344；P =.026）。
高疼痛强度和长疼痛持续时间增加了 TMD 疼痛患者并存疼痛和并存疾病的可能性。
