血压的意义。

Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.

Crit Care. 2018 Oct 11;22(1):257. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2171-1.

Measurement of arterial pressure is one of the most basic elements of patient management. Arterial pressure is determined by the volume ejected by the heart into the arteries, the elastance of the walls of the arteries, and the rate at which the blood flows out of the arteries. This review will discuss the three forces that determine the pressure in a vessel: elastic, kinetic, and gravitational energy. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of the distribution of arterial resistances, the elastance of the walls of the large vessels, and critical closing pressures in small arteries and arterioles. Regulation of arterial pressure occurs through changes in cardiac output and changes in vascular resistance, but these two controlled variables can sometimes be in conflict.

动脉血压的测量是患者管理中最基本的要素之一。动脉血压取决于心脏向动脉射出的血量、动脉壁的弹性以及血液流出动脉的速度。这篇综述将讨论决定血管内压力的三个力：弹性、动能和重力能。重点将放在动脉阻力的分布、大血管壁的弹性以及小动脉和微动脉的临界关闭压力的重要性上。动脉血压的调节通过心输出量的变化和血管阻力的变化来实现，但这两个控制变量有时可能会发生冲突。