Oyebamiji D A, Ebisike A N, Egede J O, Hassan A A
Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2018 Sep 24;3(4):e00075. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00075. eCollection 2018 Nov.
, , and , the four major Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and also infect humans worldwide. Most studies on Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) carried out in Ibadan were faecal examination based while relatively few soil examination based studies were carried out mostly around school premises using limited number of sampling locations. This study was therefore designed to assess the level of soil contamination with STH and associated risk factors in the eleven local government areas of Ibadan. A total of 1980 soil samples were purposively collected monthly, between January and December 2017, from toilet areas, refuse dump sites, house vicinities, playgrounds, roadsides/walk ways, and examined for the presence of parasite eggs or larvae using automated analysis of light microscopy images by computer. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to 620 consenting participants to obtain information on the Knowledge of STH infections, Attitudes and Practices towards the infections. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, Chi-square and ANOVA were used in the analysis at < 0.05. Out of soil samples examined, 1087 (54.9%) had at least one species of parasite. The prevalence of hookworm was 74.5% followed by 50.2% and 37.2% for species larvae and adult respectively, and 25.1% for species. The highest prevalence was observed in the refuse dump (74.2%) followed by toilet area (36.5%) while the lowest was at house vicinities (1.6%). Fifty-seven percent of the respondents use pit latrine while 20.6% still practice open defecation. A high transmission risk was observed as large percentage (66.8%) of the respondents showed inadequate knowledge of how to avoid STH infections. Moreover, 64.0% and 25.2% reported that they often walk barefooted and suck fingers respectively. The high prevalence of parasitic contamination of soil observed in the present study and the high proportion of respondent with inadequate knowledge of how to prevent transmission of STH pose a high risk of re-infections in the study area even after treatment. Therefore there is a need for proper education on parasite transmission in the area.
蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫和蛲虫是四种主要的土源性蠕虫，在全球范围内感染人类。在伊巴丹进行的大多数关于土源性蠕虫的研究都是基于粪便检查，而基于土壤检查的研究相对较少，主要是在学校周边进行，采样地点数量有限。因此，本研究旨在评估伊巴丹11个地方政府区域土壤中土源性蠕虫的污染水平及相关危险因素。2017年1月至12月期间，每月有目的地从厕所区域、垃圾倾倒场、房屋周边、操场、路边/人行道采集总共1980份土壤样本，并通过计算机对光学显微镜图像进行自动分析，检测寄生虫卵或幼虫的存在。对620名同意参与的参与者发放了结构良好的问卷，以获取有关土源性蠕虫感染知识、对感染的态度和行为的信息。使用SPSS 21版进行数据分析，分析中使用卡方检验和方差分析，P<0.05。在所检测的土壤样本中，1087份（54.9%）至少含有一种寄生虫。钩虫的感染率为74.5%，其次是蛔虫幼虫和成虫，分别为50.2%和37.2%，蛲虫为25.1%。在垃圾倾倒场观察到的感染率最高（74.2%），其次是厕所区域（36.5%），而在房屋周边最低（1.6%）。57%的受访者使用坑式厕所，而20.6%的人仍有露天排便的习惯。观察到高传播风险，因为很大比例（66.8%）的受访者对如何避免土源性蠕虫感染的知识不足。此外，分别有64.0%和25.2%的受访者报告他们经常赤脚行走和吮手指。在本研究中观察到土壤寄生虫污染的高感染率以及很大比例的受访者对如何预防土源性蠕虫传播的知识不足，这表明即使在治疗后，研究区域仍存在再次感染的高风险。因此，该地区需要进行关于寄生虫传播的适当教育。
