Sharma Garima, Im Sin Hyeog
Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea.
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018 Nov;10(6):575-590. doi: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.6.575.
The prevalence of allergic disorders has dramatically increased over the past decade, particularly in developed countries. Apart from gastrointestinal disorders, neoplasia, genital and dermatological diseases , dysregulation of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) has also been found to be associated with increased risk of allergies. Probiotics are increasingly being employed to correct dysbiosis and, in turn, to modulate allergic diseases. However, several factors like strain variations and effector metabolites or component of them in a bacterial species can affect the efficacy of those as probiotics. On the other hand, host variations like geographical locations, food habits etc. could also affect the expected results from probiotic usage. Thus, there is a glaring deficiency in our approach to establish probiotics as an irrefutable treatment avenue for suitable disorders. In this review, we explicate on the reported probiotics and their effects on certain allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma to establish their utility. We propose possible measures like elucidation of effector molecules and functional mechanisms of probiotics towards establishing probiotics for therapeutic use. Certain probiotics studies have led to very alarming outcomes which could have been precluded, had effective guidelines been in place. Thus, we also propose ways to secure the safety of probiotics. Overall, our efforts tend to propose necessary discovery and quality assurance guidelines for developing probiotics as potential immunomodulatory 'Pharmabiotics.'
在过去十年中，过敏性疾病的患病率急剧上升，尤其是在发达国家。除了胃肠道疾病、肿瘤、生殖系统和皮肤病外，肠道微生物群失调（生态失调）也被发现与过敏风险增加有关。益生菌越来越多地被用于纠正生态失调，进而调节过敏性疾病。然而，诸如菌株变异、效应代谢产物或细菌物种中它们的成分等几个因素会影响这些益生菌的功效。另一方面，宿主差异如地理位置、饮食习惯等也可能影响使用益生菌的预期效果。因此，我们将益生菌确立为适合疾病的无可辩驳的治疗途径的方法存在明显不足。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了已报道的益生菌及其对某些过敏性疾病如特应性皮炎、食物过敏和哮喘的影响，以确定它们的效用。我们提出了一些可能的措施，如阐明益生菌的效应分子和功能机制，以确立用于治疗的益生菌。某些益生菌研究导致了非常惊人的结果，如果有有效的指导方针，这些结果本可以避免。因此，我们还提出了确保益生菌安全的方法。总体而言，我们的努力倾向于为将益生菌开发为潜在的免疫调节“药用益生菌”提出必要的发现和质量保证指导方针。
