National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Dec;86:178-183. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.018. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
Child maltreatment incurs a high lifetime cost per victim and creates a substantial US population economic burden. This study aimed to use the most recent data and recommended methods to update previous (2008) estimates of 1) the per-victim lifetime cost, and 2) the annual US population economic burden of child maltreatment. Three ways to update the previous estimates were identified: 1) apply value per statistical life methodology to value child maltreatment mortality, 2) apply monetized quality-adjusted life years methodology to value child maltreatment morbidity, and 3) apply updated estimates of the exposed population. As with the previous estimates, the updated estimates used the societal cost perspective and lifetime horizon, but also accounted for victim and community intangible costs. Updated methods increased the estimated nonfatal child maltreatment per-victim lifetime cost from $210,012 (2010 USD) to $830,928 (2015 USD) and increased the fatal per-victim cost from $1.3 to $16.6 million. The estimated US population economic burden of child maltreatment based on 2015 substantiated incident cases (482,000 nonfatal and 1670 fatal victims) was $428 billion, representing lifetime costs incurred annually. Using estimated incidence of investigated annual incident cases (2,368,000 nonfatal and 1670 fatal victims), the estimated economic burden was $2 trillion. Accounting for victim and community intangible costs increased the estimated cost of child maltreatment considerably compared to previous estimates. The economic burden of child maltreatment is substantial and might off-set the cost of evidence-based interventions that reduce child maltreatment incidence.
儿童虐待给每个受害者造成的终身成本很高,给美国人口带来了巨大的经济负担。本研究旨在使用最新数据和推荐方法更新先前(2008 年)的估计值,包括:1)每个受害者的终身成本,2)儿童虐待对美国人口的年度经济负担。确定了三种更新先前估计值的方法:1)应用每统计生命价值方法来衡量儿童虐待导致的死亡,2)应用货币化的质量调整生命年方法来衡量儿童虐待导致的发病,3)应用更新的暴露人口估计值。与先前的估计值一样,更新后的估计值采用了社会成本视角和终身视角,同时也考虑了受害者和社区的无形成本。更新后的方法将估计的非致命性儿童虐待每个受害者的终身成本从 2010 年的 210012 美元(2010 年美元)增加到 2015 年的 830928 美元(2015 年美元),并将致命性每个受害者的成本从 1300 万美元增加到 1.66 亿美元。根据 2015 年实际发生的案例(48.2 万例非致命性和 1670 例致命性受害者),美国儿童虐待的人口经济负担估计为 4280 亿美元,代表每年发生的终身成本。根据已调查的年度实际案例的估计发病率(236.8 万例非致命性和 1670 例致命性受害者),估计的经济负担为 2 万亿美元。与先前的估计值相比,考虑到受害者和社区的无形成本,儿童虐待的估计成本大大增加。儿童虐待的经济负担是巨大的,可能会抵消减少儿童虐待发生率的循证干预措施的成本。