Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10;650(Pt 1):1073-1082. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.306. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
A key challenge of hazard risk management is finding novel ways to respond to future extremes amid increasing vulnerability. Societal transformation in the context of multi-functional protection schemes offers potential in this regard. However, the drivers and barriers of societal transformation in hazard management are poorly understood. Here we interrogate drivers and barriers of societal transformation in natural hazard management through case studies in Austria, France and Ireland focusing on attempts to integrate multi-functional protection schemes in the context of flood and avalanche hazards. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders connected to proposed transformative strategies in the selected case studies. We find that transformative approaches have been mainly supported by local initiatives instigated by local governments, residents, or NGOs with the aim of complementing conventional hazard management policies. Our analysis shows that local actors and stakeholders often pursue initiatives to address local problems or to seize local opportunities rather than to contribute to a broader societal transformation. According to our findings, key drivers of community-based initiatives with multiple functionality and use include: (i) lack of funding, (ii) lack of legal protection or (iii) lack of space, where classical risk management measures can no longer respond to new circumstances. In contrast, key barriers relate to: (i) lack of local capacities, (ii) lack of local political support and (iii) technological challenges in the implementation phase. These insights support European regions currently working on the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies arising from natural hazards.
风险管理的一个主要挑战是在脆弱性不断增加的情况下，寻找应对未来极端情况的新方法。多功能保护计划背景下的社会转型在这方面具有潜力。然而，灾害管理中社会转型的驱动因素和障碍还了解甚少。在这里，我们通过奥地利、法国和爱尔兰的案例研究，探讨了自然灾害管理中的社会转型的驱动因素和障碍，这些案例研究侧重于在洪水和雪崩灾害背景下尝试整合多功能保护计划。我们对选定案例研究中与拟议变革性战略相关的主要利益相关者进行了定性半结构化访谈。我们发现，变革性方法主要得到了地方政府、居民或非政府组织发起的地方倡议的支持，其目的是补充传统的灾害管理政策。我们的分析表明，地方行为者和利益相关者通常会采取主动措施来解决当地问题或抓住当地机会，而不是为更广泛的社会转型做出贡献。根据我们的研究结果，具有多种功能和用途的基于社区的倡议的主要驱动因素包括：（i）缺乏资金，（ii）缺乏法律保护，或（iii）缺乏空间，在这种情况下，传统的风险管理措施无法应对新情况。相比之下，关键障碍涉及：（i）缺乏地方能力，（ii）缺乏地方政治支持，以及（iii）在实施阶段存在技术挑战。这些观点为目前正在实施源自自然灾害的气候变化适应战略的欧洲地区提供了支持。
