Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Juliane Marie Center, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):794-802. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.011. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Growing evidence supports the concept that traffic noise exposure leads to long-term health complications other than annoyance, including cardiovascular disease. Similar effects may be expected from wind turbine noise exposure, but evidence is sparse. Here, we examined the association between long-term exposure to wind turbine noise and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI).
We used the Danish Nurse Cohort with 28,731 female nurses and obtained data on incidence of MI in the Danish National Patient and Causes of Death Registries until ultimo 2013. Wind turbine noise levels at residential addresses between 1982 and 2013 were estimated using the Nord2000 noise propagation model, as the annual means of a weighted 24-hour average (L) at the most exposed façade. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the association between the 11-, 5- and 1-year rolling means prior to MI diagnosis of wind turbine noise levels and MI incidence.
Of 23,994 nurses free of MI at cohort baseline, 686 developed MI by end of follow-up in 2013. At the cohort baseline (1993 or 1999), 10.4% nurses were exposed to wind turbine noise (≥1 turbine within a 6000-m radius of the residence) and 13.3% in 2013. Mean baseline residential noise levels among exposed nurses were 26.3 dB, higher in those who developed MI (26.6 dB) than among those who didn't develop MI (26.3 dB). We found no association between wind turbine noise and MI incidence: adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing nurses with 11-years mean residential noise levels of <21.5 dB, 21.5-25.4 dB, 25.4-29.9 dB, and >29.9 dB, to non-exposed nurses were 0.89 (0.64-1.25), 1.20 (0.82-1.77), 1.38 (0.95-2.01), and 0.88 (0.53-1.28), respectively. Corresponding HR (95% CI) for the linear association between 11-year mean levels of wind turbine noise (per 10 dB increase) with MI incidence was 0.99 (0.77-1.28). Similar associations were observed when considering the 5- and 1-year running means, and with no evidence of dose-response.
The results of this comprehensive cohort study lend little support to a causal association between outdoor long-term wind-turbine noise exposure and MI. However, there were only few cases in the highest exposure groups and our findings need reproduction.
越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点，即交通噪声暴露除了引起烦恼之外，还会导致长期的健康并发症，包括心血管疾病。类似的影响可能也会来自风力涡轮机噪声暴露，但证据很少。在这里，我们研究了长期暴露于风力涡轮机噪声与心肌梗死（MI）发病之间的关系。
我们使用丹麦护士队列，其中包括 28731 名女性护士，并从丹麦国家患者和死因登记处获得了截至 2013 年底 MI 发病的相关数据。使用 Nord2000 噪声传播模型，估计了 1982 年至 2013 年期间居住地址处的风力涡轮机噪声水平，这是最暴露外墙的加权 24 小时平均（L）的年平均值。使用时间变化的 Cox 比例风险回归来检验 MI 诊断前 11 个月、5 个月和 1 年滚动均值的风力涡轮机噪声水平与 MI 发病之间的关系。
在队列基线时，23994 名护士无 MI，在 2013 年随访结束时，686 名护士发生了 MI。在队列基线（1993 年或 1999 年）时，有 10.4%的护士暴露于风力涡轮机噪声（居住半径 6000 米范围内有 1 个或更多风力涡轮机），而在 2013 年，这一比例为 13.3%。暴露于风力涡轮机噪声的护士的基线居住噪声水平平均为 26.3dB，高于未发生 MI（26.3dB）的护士（26.6dB）。我们没有发现风力涡轮机噪声与 MI 发病之间存在关联：与居住噪声水平 11 年平均值<21.5dB、21.5-25.4dB、25.4-29.9dB 和>29.9dB 的非暴露护士相比，护士的调整后的危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）分别为 0.89（0.64-1.25）、1.20（0.82-1.77）、1.38（0.95-2.01）和 0.88（0.53-1.28）。与 MI 发病相关的 11 年平均水平的线性关联（每增加 10dB）的相应 HR（95%CI）为 0.99（0.77-1.28）。当考虑 5 年和 1 年的滚动平均值时，也观察到了类似的关联，且没有证据表明存在剂量反应关系。
这项综合队列研究的结果几乎没有支持长期暴露于户外风力涡轮机噪声与 MI 之间存在因果关系。然而，在最高暴露组中仅有少数病例，我们的研究结果需要进一步验证。
