Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Int. 2018 May;114:160-166. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.030. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
The number of people exposed to wind turbine noise (WTN) is increasing. WTN is reported as more annoying than traffic noise at similar levels. Long-term exposure to traffic noise has consistently been associated with cardiovascular disease, whereas effects of short-term exposure are much less investigated due to little day-to-day variation of e.g. road traffic noise. WTN varies considerably due to changing weather conditions allowing investigation of short-term effects of WTN on cardiovascular events.
We identified all hospitalisations and deaths from stroke (16,913 cases) and myocardial infarction (MI) (17,559 cases) among Danes exposed to WTN between 1982 and 2013. We applied a time-stratified, case-crossover design. Using detailed data on wind turbine type and hourly wind data at each wind turbine, we simulated mean nighttime outdoor (10-10,000 Hz) and nighttime low frequency (LF) indoor WTN (10-160 Hz) over the 4 days preceding diagnosis and reference days. For indoor LF WTN between 10 and 15 dB(A) and above 15 dB(A), odds ratios (ORs) for MI were 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-1.67; cases = 198) and 1.62 (95% CI: 0.76-3.45; cases = 21), respectively, when compared to indoor LF WTN below 5 dB(A). For stroke, corresponding ORs were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.95-1.69; cases = 166) and 2.30 (95% CI: 0.96-5.50; cases = 15). The elevated ORs above 15 dB(A) persisted across sensitivity analyses. When looking at specific lag times, noise exposure one day before MI events and three days before stroke events were associated with the highest ORs. For outdoor WTN at night, we observed both increased and decreased risk estimates.
This study did not provide conclusive evidence of an association between WTN and MI or stroke. It does however suggest that indoor LF WTN at night may trigger cardiovascular events, whereas these events seemed largely unaffected by nighttime outdoor WTN. These findings need reproduction, as they were based on few cases and may be due to chance.
接触风力涡轮机噪声（WTN）的人数正在增加。据报道，在类似水平下，WTN 比交通噪声更令人讨厌。长期暴露于交通噪声一直与心血管疾病有关，而由于例如道路交通噪声的日常变化很小，短期暴露的影响则研究得较少。由于天气条件不断变化，WTN 变化很大，因此可以研究 WTN 对心血管事件的短期影响。
我们确定了 1982 年至 2013 年间暴露于 WTN 的丹麦人中，因中风（16913 例）和心肌梗死（MI）（17559 例）住院和死亡的所有病例。我们应用了时间分层病例交叉设计。利用关于风力涡轮机类型和每个风力涡轮机每小时风速的详细数据，我们模拟了诊断前 4 天和参考日的夜间室外（10-10000Hz）和夜间低频（LF）室内 WTN（10-160Hz）。对于室内 LF WTN 为 10 至 15dB（A）和 15dB（A）以上，MI 的比值比（OR）分别为 1.27（95%置信区间（CI）：0.97-1.67；病例数= 198）和 1.62（95%CI：0.76-3.45；病例数= 21），而室内 LF WTN 低于 5dB（A）时则为 1.17（95%CI：0.95-1.69；病例数= 166）和 2.30（95%CI：0.96-5.50；病例数= 15）。对于中风，相应的 OR 分别为 1.17（95%CI：0.95-1.69；病例数= 166）和 2.30（95%CI：0.96-5.50；病例数= 15）。超过 15dB（A）的升高 OR 在敏感性分析中仍然存在。当观察特定的滞后时间时，MI 事件前一天和中风事件前三天的噪声暴露与最高 OR 相关。对于夜间的室外 WTN，我们观察到了增加和减少的风险估计。
本研究并未提供 WTN 与 MI 或中风之间关联的明确证据。然而，它确实表明夜间的室内 LF WTN 可能引发心血管事件，而夜间室外 WTN 对这些事件的影响则不大。这些发现需要重复，因为它们基于少数病例，可能是偶然的。
