Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Res. 2018 Aug;165:40-45. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.040. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
Focus on renewable energy sources and reduced unit costs has led to increased number of wind turbines (WTs). WT noise (WTN) is reported to be highly annoying at levels from 30 to 35 dB and up, whereas for traffic noise people report to be highly annoyed from 40 to 45 dB and up. This has raised concerns as to whether WTN may increase risk for major diseases, as exposure to traffic noise has consistently been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We identified all Danish dwellings within a radius of 20 WT heights and 25% of all dwellings within 20-40 WT heights from a WT. Using detailed data on WT type and hourly wind data at each WT position and height, we estimated hourly outdoor and low frequency indoor WTN for all dwellings, aggregated as nighttime 1- and 5-year running means. Using nationwide registries, we identified a study population of 614,731 persons living in these dwellings in the period from 1996 to 2012, of whom 25,148 developed diabetes. Data were analysed using Poisson regression with adjustment for individual and area-levels covariates. We found no associations between long-term exposure to WTN during night and diabetes risk, with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 0.90 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.79-1.02) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.68-1.24) for 5-year mean nighttime outdoor WTN of 36-42 and ≥ 42 dB, respectively, compared to < 24 dB. For 5-year mean nighttime indoor low frequency WTN of 10-15 and ≥ 15 dB we found IRRs of 0.90 (0.78-1.04) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.41-1.34), respectively, when compared to and < 5 dB. The lack of association was consistent across strata of sex, distance to major road, validity of noise estimate and WT height. The present study does not support an association between nighttime WTN and higher risk of diabetes. However, there were only few cases in the highest exposure groups and findings need reproduction.
专注于可再生能源和降低单位成本导致风力涡轮机 (WT) 的数量增加。据报道，WT 噪声 (WTN) 在 30 到 35dB 及以上时非常烦人，而对于交通噪声，人们报告说在 40 到 45dB 及以上时非常烦人。这引起了人们的担忧，因为接触交通噪声一直与心血管疾病和糖尿病风险增加有关，WTN 是否会增加患这些主要疾病的风险。我们确定了以 WT 高度为半径 20 倍的所有丹麦住宅以及 20-40 倍 WT 高度范围内 25%的所有住宅，并使用每个 WT 位置和高度的 WT 类型和每小时风速数据的详细数据，我们为所有住宅估算了每小时室外和低频室内 WTN，汇总为夜间 1 年和 5 年的平均值。使用全国性登记册，我们确定了 1996 年至 2012 年期间居住在这些住宅中的 614731 人的研究人群，其中 25148 人患有糖尿病。使用泊松回归分析，对个体和区域水平的协变量进行了调整。我们发现，夜间长期暴露于 WTN 与糖尿病风险之间没有关联，夜间室外 WTN 5 年平均水平分别为 36-42 和 ≥42dB 时的发病率比 (IRR) 为 0.90 (95%置信区间 (CI)：0.79-1.02) 和 0.92 (95% CI：0.68-1.24)，而 <24dB 时为 0.79 (95% CI：0.68-1.24)。当比较夜间室内低频 WTN 5 年平均水平为 10-15 和 ≥15dB 时，我们发现 IRR 分别为 0.90 (0.78-1.04) 和 0.74 (95% CI：0.41-1.34)。在性别、与主要道路的距离、噪声估计的有效性和 WT 高度的各个分层中，这种无关联是一致的。本研究不支持夜间 WTN 与更高的糖尿病风险之间存在关联。然而，在最高暴露组中只有少数病例，需要重复这些发现。
