Intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol is limited by supplementation with JM113 and consequentially altered gut microbiota in broiler chickens.

BACKGROUND

Limited research has focused on the effect of on the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON). The present study was conducted to investigate the role of JM113 in protecting against the intestinal toxicity caused by DON.

METHODS

A total of 144 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, including the CON (basal diet), the DON (extra 10 mg/kg deoxynivalenol), and the DL (extra 1 × 10 CFU/ kg JM113 based on DON group) treatments. The growth performance, organ indexes, intestinal morphology, pancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA), jejunal transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated.

RESULTS

Compared with the CON and DL groups, the DON supplementation altered intestinal morphology, especially in duodenum and jejunum, where villi were shorter and crypts were deeper ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, the significantly decreased mRNA expression of jejunal claudin-1 and occludin ( < 0.05), ileal and jejunal of 21-day-old broilers ( < 0.05), as well as duodenal and ileal of 42-day-old broilers were identified in the DON group. Moreover, supplementation with JM113 could increase duodenal expression of and of 21-day-old broilers, ileal sIgA of 42-day-old broilers, and the bursa of Fabricius index of 21-day-old broilers. Further jejunal transcriptome proved that the genes related to the intestinal absorption and metabolism were significantly reduced in the DON group but a significant increase when supplemented with extra JM113. Furthermore, the bacteria related to nutrient utilization, including the Proteobacteria, ,  < 0.05, and ( < 0.1) were all decreased in the DON group. By contrast, supplementation with JM113 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium, including the Bacteroidetes, , , , and ( < 0.05). Specifically, the increased abundance of bacteria in the DL group could be proved by the significantly increased caecal content of propionic acid, n-Butyric acid, and total short-chain fatty acid.

CONCLUSIONS

JM113 enhanced the digestion, absorption, and metabolic functions of the gut when challenged with DON by reducing the injury to intestinal barriers and by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterium.