Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2019 Feb;47(2):313-325. doi: 10.3758/s13421-018-0867-8.
Two decades of research in semantic priming has provided substantial evidence for a distinction between short- and long-term semantic priming effects. Early models of cognition suggested a single mechanism to explain priming at short and long lags. Later models refuted this explanation and proposed that different mechanisms are necessary to account for different durations of priming effects. Two alternative explanations of long-term semantic priming effects have been proposed in the extant literature. The first explanation is that long-term semantic priming effects rely upon the incremental strengthening of abstract semantic memory representations. The second explanation is that long-term priming is the result of memory for prior cognitive operations. In two experiments, we used different semantic content - word meaning versus category membership - to investigate the mechanisms accountable for long-term semantic priming. Evidence from the two experiments suggests that long-term semantic priming effects are due to different memory processes for different semantic content. Long-term semantic priming of word meanings was dependent on strengthening abstract semantic memory representations and persistent priming of category membership was dependent on memory for prior cognitive operations.
语义启动研究已有二十年的历史，为短期和长期语义启动效应之间的区别提供了充分的证据。早期的认知模型表明，有一种单一的机制可以解释短期和长期滞后的启动。后来的模型驳斥了这种解释，并提出需要不同的机制来解释不同持续时间的启动效应。在现有文献中，提出了长期语义启动效应的两种替代解释。第一种解释是，长期语义启动效应依赖于抽象语义记忆表征的逐步强化。第二种解释是，长期启动是先前认知操作记忆的结果。在两项实验中，我们使用不同的语义内容（词义与类别归属）来研究长期语义启动的机制。两项实验的证据表明，长期语义启动效应是由不同的语义内容的不同记忆过程引起的。词义的长期语义启动依赖于抽象语义记忆表征的强化，而类别归属的持续启动则依赖于先前认知操作的记忆。
