Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2012 Jan;83(1):56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Voice-specificity effects in recognition memory were investigated using both behavioral data and pupillometry. Volunteers initially heard spoken words and nonwords in two voices; they later provided confidence-based old/new classifications to items presented in their original voices, changed (but familiar) voices, or entirely new voices. Recognition was more accurate for old-voice items, replicating prior research. Pupillometry was used to gauge cognitive demand during both encoding and testing: enlarged pupils revealed that participants devoted greater effort to encoding items that were subsequently recognized. Further, pupil responses were sensitive to the cue match between encoding and retrieval voices, as well as memory strength. Strong memories, and those with the closest encoding-retrieval voice matches, resulted in the highest peak pupil diameters. The results are discussed with respect to episodic memory models and Whittlesea's (1997) SCAPE framework for recognition memory.
采用行为数据和瞳孔测量法研究了识别记忆中的声音特异性效应。志愿者最初听到两种声音的口语词和非词；随后，他们根据信心对呈现其原始声音、变化（但熟悉）声音或全新声音的项目进行了旧/新分类。对旧声音项目的识别更准确，这与先前的研究一致。瞳孔测量法用于衡量编码和测试期间的认知需求：瞳孔放大表明参与者在编码随后被识别的项目时投入了更多的努力。此外，瞳孔反应对编码和检索声音之间的提示匹配以及记忆强度敏感。较强的记忆以及与编码-检索声音匹配度最高的记忆，导致瞳孔直径达到峰值。这些结果是根据情景记忆模型和惠特斯利（1997 年）的 SCAPE 识别记忆框架进行讨论的。
