Nizze H
Zentralbl Gynakol. 1987;109(1):3-14.
A proliferating mastopathy with severe epithelial atypia as well as with so-called radial scars, intraductal papillomatosis, and findings of so-called lobular cancerisation are regarded as possible precursors of mammary carcinoma. The histological differential diagnosis can be difficult between atypical epithelial proliferations in mastopathy and noninvasive intraductal carcinoma, between tubular formations in radial scars and tubular carcinoma, papilloma and papillary carcinoma as well as between primary and secondary lobular cancerisation. Noninvasive and invasive breast carcinomas can be diagnosed according to the WHO classification (12) with a relatively good reproduceability. Besides the histological type, other macroscopic (tumour size, number of metastatically involved lymph nodes, distant metastases), microscopic (tumour grading) as well as biochemical findings (receptor status) are also important for treatment and prognosis of breast carcinoma.
伴有严重上皮异型性以及所谓放射状瘢痕、导管内乳头状瘤病和所谓小叶癌化表现的增生性乳腺病被视为乳腺癌的可能前驱病变。乳腺病中非典型上皮增生与非浸润性导管癌之间、放射状瘢痕中的管状结构与管状癌之间、乳头状瘤与乳头状癌之间以及原发性和继发性小叶癌化之间的组织学鉴别诊断可能存在困难。非浸润性和浸润性乳腺癌可根据世界卫生组织分类（12）进行诊断，且具有相对较好的可重复性。除了组织学类型外，其他宏观表现（肿瘤大小、转移累及的淋巴结数量、远处转移）、微观表现（肿瘤分级）以及生化检查结果（受体状态）对乳腺癌的治疗和预后也很重要。
