Marklewitz Marco, Junglen Sandra
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
Acta Trop. 2019 Feb;190:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
The emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) is of global concern as they can rapidly spread across countries and to new continents as the recent examples of chikungunya virus and Zika virus have demonstrated. Whereas the global movement patterns of emerging arboviruses are comparatively well studied, there is little knowledge on initial emergence processes that enable sylvatic (enzootic) viruses to leave their natural amplification cycle and infect humans or livestock, often also involving infection of anthropophilic vector species. Emerging arboviruses almost exclusively originate in highly biodiverse ecosystems of tropical countries. Changes in host population diversity and density can affect pathogen transmission patterns and are likely to influence arbovirus emergence processes. This review focuses on concepts from disease ecology, explaining the interplay between biodiversity and pathogen emergence.
节肢动物传播病毒（虫媒病毒）的出现引起了全球关注，因为它们能够迅速跨国传播并扩散到新的大陆，最近的基孔肯雅病毒和寨卡病毒疫情就是例证。尽管对新兴虫媒病毒的全球传播模式已有相对充分的研究，但对于使丛林（动物流行病）病毒脱离其自然增殖循环并感染人类或牲畜（通常还涉及嗜人传病媒介物种感染）的初始出现过程却知之甚少。新兴虫媒病毒几乎都起源于热带国家生物多样性极高的生态系统。宿主种群多样性和密度的变化会影响病原体传播模式，很可能对虫媒病毒的出现过程产生影响。本综述着重探讨疾病生态学的相关概念，解释生物多样性与病原体出现之间的相互作用。
