University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jan;244:247-256. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.030. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate are widely used in agriculture and in urban areas. Both plant protection products (PPPs) unintendedly result in adverse effects in pollinators. Currently, the sublethal effects of both compounds are poorly known, particularly on the molecular and biochemical level. Here we analysed effects of deltamethrin and dimethoate at environmental and sublethal concentrations in honey bee workers by focusing on transcriptional changes of target genes in the brain. In addition, expression of vitellogenin protein and activity of acetylcholinesterase were assessed upon dimethoate exposure to assess physiological effects. Deltamethrin resulted in induction of the cyp9q2 transcript at 0.53 ng/bee, while dimethoate led to induction of vitellogenin on the mRNA and protein level at 2 ng/bee. Transcripts of additional cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (cyps) and genes related to immune system regulation were not differentially expressed upon PPP exposure. Dimethoate but not deltamethrin led to a strong and concentration-related inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase at 2 and 20 ng/bee. Our data demonstrate that deltamethrin and dimethoate exhibit transcriptional effects at environmental concentrations in the brain of honey bees. Dimethoate also strongly affected physiological traits, which may translate to adverse effects in forager bees.
拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂溴氰菊酯和有机磷杀虫剂乐果在农业和城市地区被广泛使用。这两种植保产品（PPPs）都意外地对传粉媒介造成了不良影响。目前，这两种化合物的亚致死效应，尤其是在分子和生化水平上，还知之甚少。在这里，我们通过关注大脑中靶基因的转录变化，分析了溴氰菊酯和乐果在环境和亚致死浓度下对蜜蜂工蜂的影响。此外，还评估了乐果暴露后，卵黄蛋白原蛋白的表达和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，以评估生理效应。0.53ng/bee 的溴氰菊酯导致 cyp9q2 转录物的诱导，而 2ng/bee 的乐果则导致卵黄蛋白原在 mRNA 和蛋白水平上的诱导。PPP 暴露后，其他细胞色素 P450 依赖性单加氧酶（cyps）和与免疫系统调节相关的基因的转录本没有差异表达。只有乐果而不是溴氰菊酯导致乙酰胆碱酯酶在 2 和 20ng/bee 时强烈且浓度相关的抑制。我们的数据表明，溴氰菊酯和乐果在蜜蜂大脑中以环境浓度表现出转录效应。乐果还强烈影响生理特征，这可能会对觅食蜂产生不利影响。
