Gauntlett Louis, Amlôt Richard, Rubin G James
Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Emergency Response Department Science & Technology, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
Emergency Response Department Science & Technology, Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;6(1):72-80. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30173-1. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Studying how the public behaves after a nuclear emergency will help to assess overall morbidity and mortality. Pre-event education might help to shape behaviour, but how best to engage people with emergency communications for low likelihood, high-impact events is unknown. We did a systematic review to identify factors that predict behaviour in preparation for a nuclear incident, factors that predict behaviour in the immediate aftermath of a nuclear incident, and preferences among members of the public for information designed to educate them about which actions to take in the event of a nuclear incident. In general preparedness, behaviour was predicted by factors including perceived coping effectiveness and having children, among others, but absence of preparedness was attributed to fatalistic attitudes. Importantly, for pre-incident communications to be accepted and recommendations adhered to, the source had to be trusted and perceived to be credible. However, it is notable that family needs, such as picking up children from school, were a stronger predictor of behaviour in a nuclear emergency than communicated directives from authorities. If pre-incident education about nuclear incidents is to be used, several factors-including the source and method of communication, the content, and format of messaging-might increase public engagement with messages and promote the uptake of protective behaviours in a radiation event.
研究公众在核紧急情况后的行为将有助于评估总体发病率和死亡率。事件发生前的教育可能有助于塑造行为，但对于低概率、高影响事件，如何以最佳方式让人们参与应急通信尚不清楚。我们进行了一项系统综述，以确定预测核事件准备行为的因素、预测核事件刚发生后行为的因素，以及公众对旨在教育他们在核事件发生时应采取何种行动的信息的偏好。在一般准备方面，行为由包括感知应对效果和有孩子等因素预测，但缺乏准备归因于宿命论态度。重要的是，要使事件发生前的通信被接受并使建议得到遵守，信息来源必须被信任并被认为可信。然而，值得注意的是，在核紧急情况下，诸如从学校接孩子等家庭需求比当局传达的指令更能预测行为。如果要利用核事件发生前的教育，包括通信来源和方法、信息内容和形式等几个因素可能会增加公众对信息的参与度，并促进在辐射事件中采取保护行为。
