Rogers M F, Thomas P A, Starcher E T, Noa M C, Bush T J, Jaffe H W
Pediatrics. 1987 Jun;79(6):1008-14.
Since national surveillance for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began in 1981, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has received reports of more than 20,000 cases of AIDS in the United States. As of December 31, 1985, 307 of these cases had been diagnosed in children younger than 13 years of age. The number of cases is increasing rapidly. The number of cases reported in 1985 more than doubled those reported in 1984. The major risk factors in children for acquiring infection with the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were having a mother known to be infected and/or at increased risk for infection and receiving a transfusion of blood or blood products. Of the 307 children with AIDS, 73% were reported from one of four states: New York, New Jersey, Florida, and California. Most AIDS cases in children occur in black or Hispanic infants and toddlers. The estimated incubation period for AIDS in children has increased each surveillance year, with the longest incubation exceeding 7 years. The prognosis for children with AIDS is poor and infants less than 1 year of age have the shortest survival time following diagnosis. Continued national surveillance for AIDS is mandatory for establishing effective prevention programs to control the spread of the disease. The CDC encourages all health care personnel to report cases of AIDS to their public health departments.
自1981年美国开始对获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）进行全国监测以来，疾病控制中心（CDC）已收到美国20000多例艾滋病病例报告。截至1985年12月31日，其中307例病例是在13岁以下儿童中诊断出来的。病例数量正在迅速增加。1985年报告的病例数比1984年报告的病例数增加了一倍多。儿童感染病原体人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的主要危险因素是其母亲已知感染和/或感染风险增加，以及接受输血或血液制品。在这307例艾滋病儿童中，73%的病例来自四个州之一：纽约、新泽西、佛罗里达和加利福尼亚。儿童艾滋病病例大多发生在黑人或西班牙裔婴幼儿中。儿童艾滋病的估计潜伏期在每个监测年份都有所增加，最长潜伏期超过7年。艾滋病儿童的预后很差，1岁以下婴儿在确诊后的存活时间最短。为了制定有效的预防计划以控制疾病传播，对艾滋病进行持续的全国监测是必不可少的。疾病控制中心鼓励所有医护人员向其公共卫生部门报告艾滋病病例。
