Thompson Erika L, Vamos Cheryl A, Daley Ellen M
Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2017 Jun;6(2):198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the week; however, most women do not meet these recommendations. Theory assists in identifying salient determinants of health behavior to guide health promotion interventions; however, the application of theory to examine PA among pregnant women has not been examined cohesively among multiple levels of influence (e.g., intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, and organizational/political). Subsequently, this systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the use of health behavior theory in studies that examine PA during pregnancy.
Articles published before July 2014 were obtained from PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria applied were: (1) empirically-based; (2) peer-reviewed; (3) measured factors related to PA; (4) comprised a pregnant sample; and (5) applied theory. Fourteen studies were included. Each study's application of theory and theoretical constructs were evaluated.
Various theories were utilized to explain and predict PA during pregnancy; yet, the majority of these studies only focused on intrapersonal level determinants. Five theoretical frameworks were applied across the studies-all but one at the intrapersonal level. Few determinants identified were from the interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, or organizational/political levels.
This systematic review synthesized the literature on theoretical constructs related to PA during pregnancy. Interpersonal, community, and societal levels remain understudied. Future research should employ theory-driven multi-level determinants of PA to reflect the interacting factors influencing PA during this critical period in the life course.
孕期进行体育活动（PA）对母亲和孩子都有生理和心理上的益处。美国指南建议健康的孕妇每周多数日子进行至少30分钟的适度锻炼；然而，大多数女性并未达到这些建议。理论有助于识别健康行为的显著决定因素，以指导健康促进干预措施；然而，尚未在多个影响层面（如个人层面、人际层面、社区/环境层面以及组织/政治层面）对理论在孕期体育活动研究中的应用进行全面考察。因此，本系统综述旨在识别和评估健康行为理论在孕期体育活动研究中的应用情况。
从PubMed和科学网获取2014年7月之前发表的文章。适用的纳入标准为：（1）基于实证；（2）经过同行评审；（3）测量与体育活动相关的因素；（4）包含孕妇样本；（5）应用了理论。共纳入14项研究。对每项研究的理论及理论构建的应用进行评估。
各种理论被用于解释和预测孕期的体育活动；然而，这些研究大多仅关注个人层面的决定因素。五项理论框架在各项研究中均有应用——除一项研究外，其余均在个人层面应用。所识别的决定因素中，很少来自人际层面、社区/环境层面或组织/政治层面。
本系统综述综合了孕期体育活动相关理论构建的文献。人际、社区和社会层面仍未得到充分研究。未来的研究应采用理论驱动的体育活动多层面决定因素，以反映在生命历程这一关键时期影响体育活动的相互作用因素。
