Shen Bo, Centeio Erin, Garn Alex, Martin Jeffrey, Kulik Noel, Somers Cheryl, McCaughtry Nate
Division of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2018 Jul;7(3):346-352. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
Beginning in the elementary school years, there are differences among children on how they perceive their competence in physical activity (PA). Children's competence perceptions may influence their affective reactions to PA. A crucial question is how to motivate children who hold low competence perceptions to enhance their enjoyment and PA involvement. Because parents play critical roles in children's development and socialization, social support from parents can be an important factor to complement teachers' effort to enhance children's enjoyment and PA involvement. In this research we identified the associations among children's beliefs about parental social support, perceived competence, and enjoyment in school PA.
Three hundred and twenty children (9-11 years old) participated in a two-wave study. At the first wave, children completed questionnaires measuring their beliefs about parental social support, perceived competence, and enjoyment in school PA; they reported their enjoyment again 8 months later at the second wave.
Both concurrent and longitudinal analyses revealed that beliefs about parental social support were important factors associated with children's enjoyment in school PA, especially among girls with low competence perceptions.
Family socialization factors should be taken into consideration. The efficacy of individual and community-level strategies should be included and evaluated when designing effective intervention strategies that enhance children's PA in school.
从小学阶段开始，孩子们在如何看待自己在体育活动（PA）中的能力方面存在差异。孩子们对自身能力的认知可能会影响他们对体育活动的情感反应。一个关键问题是如何激励那些认为自己能力较低的孩子，以提高他们对体育活动的喜爱程度并增加他们参与体育活动的频率。由于父母在孩子的发展和社会化过程中起着关键作用，来自父母的社会支持可能是一个重要因素，能够补充教师为提高孩子对体育活动的喜爱程度和参与度所做的努力。在本研究中，我们确定了孩子对父母社会支持的信念、感知能力与学校体育活动中的乐趣之间的关联。
320名9至11岁的儿童参与了一项两阶段研究。在第一阶段，孩子们完成了问卷调查，测量他们对父母社会支持的信念、感知能力以及在学校体育活动中的乐趣；8个月后的第二阶段，他们再次报告了自己的乐趣感受。
同时性分析和纵向分析均显示，对父母社会支持的信念是与孩子在学校体育活动中的乐趣相关的重要因素，尤其是在那些认为自己能力较低的女孩中。
应考虑家庭社会化因素。在设计提高孩子在学校体育活动参与度的有效干预策略时，应纳入并评估个人和社区层面策略的有效性。
