Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
J Control Release. 2018 Dec 28;292:29-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.024. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most prevalent type of cancer and primary cause of mortality among both men and women, worldwide. The most commonly employed diagnostic modalities for LC include chest X-ray (CXR), magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT-scan), and fused-positron-emitting-tomography-CT (PET-CT). Owing to several limitations associated with the use of conventional diagnostic tools such as radiation burden to the patient, misleading diagnosis ("missed lung cancer"), false staging and low sensitivity and resolution, contemporary diagnostic regimen needed to be employed for screening of LC. In recent decades, nanotechnology-guided interventions have been transpired as emerging nanoimaging probes for detection of LC at advanced stages, while producing signal amplification, better resolution for surface and deep tissue imaging, and enhanced translocation and biodistribution of imaging probes within the cancerous tissues. Besides enormous potential of nanoimaging probes, nanotechnology-based advancements have also been evidenced for superior efficacy for treatment of LC and abolishing pulmonary metastasis (PM). The success of nanotherapeutics is due to their ability to maximise translocation and biodistribution of anti-neoplastic agents into the tumor tissues, improve pharmacokinetic profiles of anti-metastatic agents, optimise target-specific drug delivery, and control release kinetics of encapsulated moieties in target tissues. This review aims to overview and critically discuss the superiority of nanoimaging probes and nanotherapeutics over conventional regimen for early detection of LC and abolishing PM. Current challenges to clinical transition of nanoimaging probes and therapeutic viability of nanotherapeutics for treatment for LC and PM have also been pondered.
肺癌（LC）是全球男性和女性中第二常见的癌症类型和主要死亡原因。LC 的最常用诊断方式包括胸部 X 光（CXR）、磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT 扫描）和融合正电子发射断层扫描 - CT（PET-CT）。由于常规诊断工具的使用存在多种限制，例如对患者的辐射负担、误诊（“漏诊肺癌”）、错误分期以及敏感性和分辨率低等，因此需要采用当代诊断方案来筛查 LC。在最近几十年中，纳米技术指导的干预措施已经成为检测晚期 LC 的新兴纳米成像探针，同时产生信号放大、提高表面和深部组织成像的分辨率，并增强成像探针在癌组织内的转位和生物分布。除了纳米成像探针具有巨大的潜力外，基于纳米技术的进展也为 LC 的治疗和消除肺转移（PM）提供了卓越的疗效。纳米疗法的成功归因于它们将抗肿瘤药物最大程度地转位和分布到肿瘤组织中的能力、改善抗转移药物的药代动力学特征、优化靶向特异性药物输送以及控制目标组织中包裹部分的释放动力学。本综述旨在概述和批判性地讨论纳米成像探针和纳米疗法相对于常规方案在 LC 早期检测和消除 PM 方面的优势。还考虑了纳米成像探针向临床转化和纳米疗法治疗 LC 和 PM 的治疗可行性的当前挑战。
