曼谷市大气污染对呼吸系统和心血管系统疾病日住院率的影响。

Effects of ambient air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Bangkok, Thailand.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 1):1144-1153. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.183. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.183

PMID:30360246

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Although health effects of air pollutants are well documented in many countries especially in North America and Western Europe, few studies have been conducted in Thailand where pollution mix, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Bangkok, Thailand.

METHODS

We obtained daily air pollution concentration (O, NO, SO, PM, and CO) and weather variable monitored in Bangkok from January 2006 to December 2014. Daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were obtained from the National Health Security Office during the study period. A time-series analysis with generalized linear model was used to examine the effects of air pollution on hospital admissions by controlling for long-term trend and other potential confounders. The effect modification by age (0-14 years, 15-64 years, ≥65 years) and gender was also examined.

RESULTS

An increase of 10 μg/m in O, NO, SO, PM, and 1 mg/m in CO at lag 0-1 day was associated with a 0.14% (95% CI: -0.34 to 0.63), 1.28% (0.87 to 1.69), 8.42% (6.16 to 10.74), 1.04% (0.68 to 1.41) and 6.69% (4.33 to 9.11) increase in cardiovascular admission, respectively; and 0.69% (95% CI: 0.18 to 1.21), 1.42% (0.98 to 1.85), 4.49% (2.22 to 6.80), 1.18% (0.79 to 1.57) and 7.69% (5.20 to 10.23) increase in respiratory admission, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years) seemed to be the most susceptible group to the effect of air pollution, whereas the effect estimate for male and female was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS

Results from this study contributed the evidence to support the effects of air pollution (O, NO, SO, PM, and CO) on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which might be useful for public health intervention in Thailand.

摘要

背景

尽管许多国家（尤其是北美和西欧）都有大量关于空气污染物对健康影响的文献记载，但在污染混合物、天气条件和人口特征均不同的泰国，此类研究却很少。本研究旨在探讨曼谷地区的大气污染对心血管和呼吸道疾病住院的影响。

方法

我们于 2006 年 1 月至 2014 年 12 月间获取了曼谷市每日的空气污染浓度（O、NO、SO、PM 和 CO）和气象变量监测数据，并从国家健康保障办公室获得了研究期间的心血管和呼吸道疾病住院数据。采用广义线性模型的时间序列分析，通过控制长期趋势和其他潜在混杂因素，考察了空气污染对住院的影响。同时还考察了年龄（0-14 岁、15-64 岁、≥65 岁）和性别对这种影响的修饰作用。

结果

滞后 0-1 天，O、NO、SO、PM 浓度每增加 10μg/m³和 CO 浓度每增加 1mg/m³，心血管疾病住院的相对危险度分别增加 0.14%（95%CI：-0.34 至 0.63）、1.28%（0.87 至 1.69）、8.42%（6.16 至 10.74）、1.04%（0.68 至 1.41）和 6.69%（4.33 至 9.11）；相应的呼吸道疾病住院的相对危险度分别增加 0.69%（95%CI：0.18 至 1.21）、1.42%（0.98 至 1.85）、4.49%（2.22 至 6.80）、1.18%（0.79 至 1.57）和 7.69%（5.20 至 10.23）。老年人（≥65 岁）似乎是受空气污染影响最敏感的群体，而男性和女性的效应估计值没有显著差异。