医院员工的时间压力、时间自主性与病假缺勤：一项关于组织缺勤记录的纵向研究
Time Pressure, Time Autonomy, and Sickness Absenteeism in Hospital Employees: A Longitudinal Study on Organizational Absenteeism Records.
作者信息
Kottwitz Maria U, Schade Volker, Burger Christian, Radlinger Lorenz, Elfering Achim
机构信息
Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Philipps University of Marburg, Germany.
出版信息
Saf Health Work. 2018 Mar;9(1):109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.06.013. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
BACKGROUND
Although work absenteeism is in the focus of occupational health, longitudinal studies on organizational absenteeism records in hospital work are lacking. This longitudinal study tests time pressure and lack of time autonomy to be related to higher sickness absenteeism.
METHODS
Data was collected for 180 employees (45% nurses) of a Swiss hospital at baseline and at follow-up after 1 year. Absent times (hours per month) were received from the human resources department of the hospital. One-year follow-up of organizational absenteeism records were regressed on self-reported job satisfaction, time pressure, and time autonomy (i.e., control) at baseline.
RESULTS
A multivariate regression showed significant prediction of absenteeism by time pressure at baseline and time autonomy, indicating that a stress process is involved in some sickness absenteeism behavior. Job satisfaction and the interaction of time pressure and time autonomy did not predict sickness absenteeism.
CONCLUSION
Results confirmed time pressure and time autonomy as limiting factors in healthcare and a key target in work redesign.
背景
尽管旷工问题是职业健康关注的焦点，但缺乏关于医院工作中组织旷工记录的纵向研究。这项纵向研究检验了时间压力和缺乏时间自主性是否与更高的病假旷工率相关。
方法
收集了瑞士一家医院180名员工（45%为护士）在基线时和1年后随访时的数据。缺勤时间（每月小时数）来自医院人力资源部门。根据基线时自我报告的工作满意度、时间压力和时间自主性（即控制权）对组织旷工记录进行为期一年的随访回归分析。
结果
多变量回归显示，基线时的时间压力和时间自主性对旷工有显著预测作用，这表明压力过程与某些病假旷工行为有关。工作满意度以及时间压力和时间自主性的交互作用并不能预测病假旷工情况。
结论
结果证实时间压力和时间自主性是医疗保健中的限制因素，也是工作重新设计的关键目标。
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