Rainard Pascal, Foucras Gilles
ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France.
IHAP, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR1225, Toulouse, France.
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Oct 10;5:251. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00251. eCollection 2018.
The urge to reduce antimicrobials use in dairy farming has prompted a search for alternative solutions. As infections of the mammary gland is a major reason for antibiotic administration to dairy ruminants, mammary probiotics have recently been presented as a possible alternative for the treatment of mastitis. To assess the validity of this proposal, we performed a general appraisal of the knowledge related to probiotics for mammary health by examining their potential modes of action and assessing the compatibility of these mechanisms with the immunobiology of mammary gland infections. Then we analyzed the literature published on the subject, taking into account the preliminary experiments and the trials. Preliminary experiments aimed essentially at exploring the capacity of putative probiotics, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LABs), to interfere with mastitis-associated bacteria or to interact with mammary epithelial cells. A few studies used LABs selected on the basis of bacteriocin production or the capacity to adhere to epithelial cells to perform experiments. Intramammary infusion of LABs showed that LABs are pro-inflammatory for the mammary gland, inducing an intense influx of neutrophils into milk during lactation and at drying-off. Yet, their capacity to cure mastitis remains to be established. A few preliminary studies tackle the possibility of using probiotics to interfere with the teat apex microbiota or to prevent the colonization of the teat canal by pathogenic bacteria. From the analysis of the published literature, it appears that currently there is no sound scientific foundation for the use of probiotics to prevent or treat mastitis. We conclude that the prospects for oral probiotics are not promising for ruminants, those for intramammary probiotics should be considered with caution, but that teat apex probiotics deserve further research.
减少奶牛养殖中抗菌药物使用的迫切需求促使人们寻找替代解决方案。由于乳腺感染是给奶牛反刍动物使用抗生素的主要原因，乳腺益生菌最近被提出作为治疗乳腺炎的一种可能替代方法。为了评估这一提议的有效性，我们通过研究益生菌对乳腺健康的潜在作用方式，并评估这些机制与乳腺感染免疫生物学的兼容性，对与乳腺健康相关的益生菌知识进行了全面评估。然后，我们分析了关于该主题的已发表文献，同时考虑了初步实验和试验。初步实验主要旨在探索假定的益生菌，主要是乳酸菌（LABs），干扰乳腺炎相关细菌或与乳腺上皮细胞相互作用的能力。一些研究使用基于细菌素产生或粘附上皮细胞能力选择的乳酸菌进行实验。乳腺内注入乳酸菌表明，乳酸菌对乳腺具有促炎作用，在泌乳期和干奶期会导致大量中性粒细胞涌入乳汁。然而，它们治愈乳腺炎的能力仍有待确定。一些初步研究探讨了使用益生菌干扰乳头顶端微生物群或防止病原菌在乳头管定植的可能性。从已发表文献的分析来看，目前使用益生菌预防或治疗乳腺炎没有可靠的科学依据。我们得出结论，反刍动物口服益生菌的前景不乐观，乳腺内使用益生菌应谨慎考虑，但乳头顶端益生菌值得进一步研究。
