Flewett T H, Beards G M, Brown D W, Sanders R C
Ciba Found Symp. 1987;128:238-49. doi: 10.1002/9780470513460.ch14.
It is well established that rotaviruses of group A are the most important cause of severe diarrhoea in children. The causes of most cases of infectious diarrhoea still remain unidentified, however, and there must be other viruses to be found. 'Novel' rotaviruses have recently been discovered, mainly in animals (serogroups B and C in pigs and humans, D in birds, and one or more further groups in sheep and other mammals). Except for the group B virus which has caused widespread outbreaks of quite severe diarrhoea in adults in China (still not reported from outside China) these novel rotaviruses are rarities in the human and probably represent uncommon zoonotic infections. We speculate that the Chinese virus might have arisen by reassortment of genetic segments of animal group B viruses or perhaps by mutation, and so became infectious for man. The problem of identifying and determining the importance of small round viruses is reviewed. It seems likely that the group of small, round structured viruses, including Norwalk and the viruses of plainly calicivirus morphology, are all representatives of a whole group of enteric caliciviruses. Until they can be more easily cultivated it will be difficult to make diagnostic reagents available to all. Astroviruses and genuine parvoviruses have been found by many people in many countries. Astroviruses are probably more important as pathogens in lambs than in children or calves; parvoviruses can only be established as significant in epidemics. The coronavirus-like particles, first found in Vellore and Bristol, are still enigmatic and their role in diarrhoea is uncertain. Toroviridae, recently discovered as causes of diarrhoea in ungulates, do not seem to be at all important as causes of diarrhoea in humans. Possibly fruitful approaches to future searches are outlined: firstly to make more extensive use of immuno-electron microscopy; and secondly to try to improve existing tissue culture systems to make them more sensitive to enteric viruses.
众所周知，A 组轮状病毒是儿童严重腹泻的最重要病因。然而，大多数感染性腹泻病例的病因仍不明，肯定还有其他病毒有待发现。最近发现了“新型”轮状病毒，主要存在于动物中（猪和人中的 B 和 C 血清群、鸟类中的 D 血清群，以及绵羊和其他哺乳动物中的一个或多个其他群）。除了在中国成年人中引发广泛严重腹泻疫情的 B 组病毒（中国境外尚未有报道），这些新型轮状病毒在人类中较为罕见，可能代表不常见的人畜共患病感染。我们推测中国的这种病毒可能是由动物 B 组病毒的基因片段重配产生，或者可能是通过突变产生，从而变得对人类具有传染性。本文综述了鉴定和确定小圆病毒重要性的问题。似乎包括诺沃克病毒和形态明显为杯状病毒的病毒在内的小型、圆形结构病毒群，都是整个肠道杯状病毒群的代表。在它们能够更易于培养之前，很难向所有人提供诊断试剂。许多国家的许多人都发现了星状病毒和真正的细小病毒。星状病毒作为病原体在羔羊中可能比在儿童或犊牛中更重要；细小病毒仅在疫情中才被确定具有重要意义。最初在韦洛尔和布里斯托尔发现的类冠状病毒颗粒仍然神秘莫测，它们在腹泻中的作用尚不确定。最近发现的作为有蹄类动物腹泻病因的环曲病毒科，似乎在人类腹泻病因中根本不重要。本文概述了未来可能有成效的研究方法：首先是更广泛地使用免疫电子显微镜；其次是尝试改进现有的组织培养系统，使其对肠道病毒更敏感。
