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南非低收入社区学龄前儿童的听力损失

Hearing loss in preschool children from a low income South African community.

作者信息

Yousuf Hussein Shouneez, Swanepoel De Wet, Mahomed-Asmail Faheema, de Jager Leigh Biagio

机构信息

Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.

Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.

出版信息

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Dec;115:145-148. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.09.032. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.09.032

PMID:30368375

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine and describe hearing loss among preschool children in a South African community representative of typical low- and middle income countries (LMIC).

METHOD

Children between the ages of 3-6 years received a hearing screening at their early childhood development (ECD) center. If a child failed the hearing screening, he/she was seen for a follow-up rescreen and diagnostic assessment if necessary at their ECD center or closest referral clinic. Diagnostic testing consisted of otoscopy, tympanommetry and pure-tone diagnostic audiometry.

RESULTS

A total of 6424 children were screened at ECD centers with a referral rate of 24.9%. Follow-up assessments were conducted on 45.3% (725) of these children. Diagnostic testing revealed that 9.3% of children presented with impacted cerumen and 18.7% presented with a hearing loss (56.5% binaural). Binary logistic regression revealed no gender or age effects (p > 0.05). Conductive hearing loss (65.2%) was the most common type of hearing loss found in children.

CONCLUSIONS

Most preschool children who failed the hearing screening and received a diagnostic assessment were in need of intervention services for conductive hearing losses, followed by sensorineural and mixed losses.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定和描述南非一个具有典型低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）代表性社区中学龄前儿童的听力损失情况。

方法

3至6岁的儿童在其幼儿发展（ECD）中心接受听力筛查。如果儿童听力筛查未通过，必要时会在其ECD中心或最近的转诊诊所接受后续复查和诊断评估。诊断测试包括耳镜检查、鼓室图检查和纯音诊断听力测定。

结果

共有6424名儿童在ECD中心接受筛查，转诊率为24.9%。对其中45.3%（725名）的儿童进行了随访评估。诊断测试显示，9.3%的儿童有耵聍堵塞，18.7%的儿童有听力损失（56.5%为双耳）。二元逻辑回归显示无性别或年龄影响（p>0.05）。传导性听力损失（65.2%）是儿童中最常见的听力损失类型。