Yousuf Hussein Shouneez, Swanepoel De Wet, Mahomed-Asmail Faheema, de Jager Leigh Biagio
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Dec;115:145-148. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.09.032. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
This study aimed to determine and describe hearing loss among preschool children in a South African community representative of typical low- and middle income countries (LMIC).
Children between the ages of 3-6 years received a hearing screening at their early childhood development (ECD) center. If a child failed the hearing screening, he/she was seen for a follow-up rescreen and diagnostic assessment if necessary at their ECD center or closest referral clinic. Diagnostic testing consisted of otoscopy, tympanommetry and pure-tone diagnostic audiometry.
A total of 6424 children were screened at ECD centers with a referral rate of 24.9%. Follow-up assessments were conducted on 45.3% (725) of these children. Diagnostic testing revealed that 9.3% of children presented with impacted cerumen and 18.7% presented with a hearing loss (56.5% binaural). Binary logistic regression revealed no gender or age effects (p > 0.05). Conductive hearing loss (65.2%) was the most common type of hearing loss found in children.
Most preschool children who failed the hearing screening and received a diagnostic assessment were in need of intervention services for conductive hearing losses, followed by sensorineural and mixed losses.
本研究旨在确定和描述南非一个具有典型低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）代表性社区中学龄前儿童的听力损失情况。
3至6岁的儿童在其幼儿发展（ECD）中心接受听力筛查。如果儿童听力筛查未通过，必要时会在其ECD中心或最近的转诊诊所接受后续复查和诊断评估。诊断测试包括耳镜检查、鼓室图检查和纯音诊断听力测定。
共有6424名儿童在ECD中心接受筛查，转诊率为24.9%。对其中45.3%（725名）的儿童进行了随访评估。诊断测试显示，9.3%的儿童有耵聍堵塞，18.7%的儿童有听力损失（56.5%为双耳）。二元逻辑回归显示无性别或年龄影响（p>0.05）。传导性听力损失（65.2%）是儿童中最常见的听力损失类型。
大多数听力筛查未通过并接受诊断评估的学龄前儿童需要针对传导性听力损失的干预服务，其次是感音神经性和混合性听力损失。
