Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
J Gambl Stud. 2019 Mar;35(1):339-350. doi: 10.1007/s10899-018-9808-5.
The present study investigated self-reported impulsivity in gambling disorder (GD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Participants with GD (n = 31), BD (n = 19), and community controls (n = 68) completed diagnostic interviews and symptom severity and functioning assessments. Participants also completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale composed of five dimensions including urgency (i.e., acting rashly under conditions of negative or positive emotion), lack of perseverance (i.e., inability to maintain focus), lack of premeditation (i.e., inability to consider negative consequences), and sensation seeking (i.e., tendency to pursue novel and exciting activities). Multivariate analysis of variance showed overall significant differences among the diagnostic groups on the UPPS-P subscales. Follow-up analyses of variance showed that the groups differed on all subscales except sensation seeking. The gambling and bipolar groups had significantly higher levels of self-reported impulsivity on all subscales when compared to controls. In addition, the BD group showed higher levels of positive urgency when compared to the GD group. Positive and negative urgency showed the strongest association with GD and BD. Impaired emotion regulation mechanisms may underlie self-reported impulsivity in both disorders. Lack of premeditation and perseverance may be related to dysfunctional cognitive processes.
本研究调查了赌博障碍 (GD) 和双相障碍 (BD) 患者的自我报告冲动性。 31 名 GD 患者、19 名 BD 患者和 68 名社区对照者完成了诊断访谈以及症状严重程度和功能评估。参与者还完成了 UPPS-P 冲动行为量表，该量表由五个维度组成，包括冲动性（即在负面或正面情绪下轻率行事）、缺乏毅力（即无法保持专注）、缺乏预谋（即无法考虑负面后果）和寻求刺激（即倾向于追求新颖和令人兴奋的活动）。多变量方差分析显示，诊断组在 UPPS-P 子量表上存在总体显著差异。方差分析的后续分析表明，除了寻求刺激外，各组在所有子量表上均存在差异。与对照组相比，赌博和双相组在所有子量表上的自我报告冲动性水平均显著较高。此外，与 GD 组相比，BD 组的积极冲动性水平更高。积极和消极冲动性与 GD 和 BD 的相关性最强。情绪调节机制受损可能是这两种疾病自我报告冲动性的基础。缺乏预谋和毅力可能与认知功能障碍有关。
