National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2019 Feb;80(2):77-85. doi: 10.1111/cod.13119. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis are frequent conditions in the general population.
To provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of contact allergy in the general population based on data from our previous review combined with new data from an updated search for relevant studies published between 2007 and 2017.
Two authors independently searched PubMed for studies reporting on the prevalence of contact allergy in samples of the general population. Proportion meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates of contact allergy.
A total of 28 studies were included in the analysis, covering 20 107 patch tested individuals from the general population. Overall, the pooled prevalence of contact allergy was 20.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.8%-23.7%). In children and adolescents (<18 years), the prevalence was 16.5% (95%CI: 13.6%-19.7%). The prevalence was significantly higher in women (27.9% [95%CI: 21.7%-34.5%]) than in men (13.2% [95%CI: 9.3%-17.6%]). The most common allergen was nickel (11.4% [95%CI: 9.4%-13.5%]), followed by fragrance mix I (3.5% [95%CI: 2.1%-5.4%]), cobalt (2.7% [95%CI: 2.1%-3.4%]), Myroxylon pereirae (1.8% [95%CI: 1.0%-2.7%]), chromium (1.8% [95%CI: 1.3%-2.6%]), p-phenylenediamine (1.5% [95%CI: 1.0%-2.1%]), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (1.5% [95%CI: 0.8%-2.5%]), and colophonium (1.3% [95%CI: 1.0%-1.6%]).
This meta-analysis confirmed that at least 20% of the general population are contact-allergic to common environmental allergens. It highlights the need for more effective preventive strategies for common allergens in consumer goods, cosmetics, and the workplace.
接触过敏和过敏性接触性皮炎在普通人群中较为常见。
根据我们之前的综述中结合 2007 年至 2017 年期间发表的相关研究的最新检索结果，提供接触过敏在普通人群中的患病率的最新估计。
两位作者独立检索 PubMed 中关于普通人群中接触过敏患病率的研究报告。采用比例荟萃分析计算接触过敏的汇总患病率。
分析共纳入 28 项研究，涵盖了 20107 名普通人群的斑贴试验个体。总体而言，接触过敏的汇总患病率为 20.1%（95%置信区间[CI]：16.8%-23.7%）。在儿童和青少年（<18 岁）中，患病率为 16.5%（95%CI：13.6%-19.7%）。女性（27.9%[95%CI：21.7%-34.5%]）的患病率明显高于男性（13.2%[95%CI：9.3%-17.6%]）。最常见的过敏原是镍（11.4%[95%CI：9.4%-13.5%]），其次是香料混合物 I（3.5%[95%CI：2.1%-5.4%]）、钴（2.7%[95%CI：2.1%-3.4%]）、秘鲁香脂（1.8%[95%CI：1.0%-2.7%]）、铬（1.8%[95%CI：1.3%-2.6%]）、对苯二胺（1.5%[95%CI：1.0%-2.1%]）、甲基氯异噻唑啉酮/甲基异噻唑啉酮（1.5%[95%CI：0.8%-2.5%]）和松香（1.3%[95%CI：1.0%-1.6%]）。
本荟萃分析证实，至少 20%的普通人群对常见环境变应原存在接触过敏。它强调了在消费品、化妆品和工作场所中针对常见过敏原制定更有效的预防策略的必要性。
