School of Business and Economics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Nordhäuser Str. 63, 99089, Erfurt, Germany.
J Behav Med. 2019 Jun;42(3):381-391. doi: 10.1007/s10865-018-9985-9. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
Vaccination provides direct protection for the vaccinating individual and indirect protection for other, unvaccinated individuals via herd immunity. Still, some people do not get vaccinated-either because they cannot (e.g., due to health conditions) or they don't want to (e.g., due to vaccine hesitancy). We investigate whether non-vaccinators' level of responsibility for not being vaccinated affects individuals' motivation to vaccinate and, thus, to indirectly protect non-vaccinators. In Study 1 (N = 101), the intention to vaccinate increased (Cohen's d = 0.99) when non-vaccinators were described as willing but unable to get vaccinated (low responsibility) compared to when they were able but unwilling to get vaccinated (high responsibility). Study 2 (N = 297) replicated this finding with regard to vaccination behavior in an interactive vaccination (I-Vax) game (OR = 2.38). Additionally, knowing about non-vaccinators' low responsibility also increased the willingness to vaccinate compared to when there was no information on non-vaccinators' level of responsibility. Amplified levels of social welfare concerns in the case of non-vaccinators' low responsibility mediated the latter effect. This finding informs effective communication strategies for improving the vaccination rates.
接种疫苗为接种个体提供直接保护，并通过群体免疫为未接种的其他个体提供间接保护。然而，有些人没有接种疫苗——要么是因为他们不能（例如，由于健康状况），要么是因为他们不想（例如，由于对疫苗的犹豫）。我们研究了未接种疫苗者不接种疫苗的责任程度是否会影响个人接种疫苗的动机，从而间接地保护未接种疫苗者。在研究 1（N=101）中，与将未接种疫苗者描述为愿意但无法接种疫苗（低责任）相比，当他们能够但不愿意接种疫苗（高责任）时，接种疫苗的意愿会增加（Cohen's d=0.99）。研究 2（N=297）在交互式接种（I-Vax）游戏中复制了这一发现，涉及接种行为（OR=2.38）。此外，与没有关于未接种疫苗者责任程度的信息相比，了解到未接种疫苗者的低责任也会增加接种疫苗的意愿。在未接种疫苗者低责任的情况下，社会福利关注度的增加中介了后一种效应。这一发现为提高疫苗接种率的有效沟通策略提供了信息。
