Tunnell Harry, Faiola Anthony, Bolchini Davide, Bartlett Ellis Rebecca
School of Informatics and Computing, Department of Human-Centered Computing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Nov 1;6(11):e11131. doi: 10.2196/11131.
This study investigates patient-centered mobile health (mHealth) technology in terms of the secondary user experience (UX). Specifically, it examines how personal mobile technology, under patient control, can be used to improve patient-provider communication about the patient's health care during their first visit to a provider. Common ground, a theory about language use, is used as the theoretical basis to examine interactions. A novel concept of this study is that it is one of the first empirical studies to explore the relative meaningfulness of a secondary UX for specific health care tasks.
The objective of this study was to investigate the extent that patient-operated mHealth technology can be designed to improve the communication between the patient and provider during an initial face-to-face encounter.
The experimental study was conducted in 2 large Midwestern cities from February 2016 to May 2016. A custom-designed smartphone app prototype was used as the study treatment. The experimental design was posttest-only control group and included video-recorded simulated face-to-face clinical encounters in which an actor role-played a patient. Experienced clinicians consisting of doctors (n=4) and nurses (n=8) were the study participants. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was performed. Quantitative data collected from time on task measurements were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Three themes that represent how grounding manifested during the encounter, what it meant for communication during the encounter, and how it influenced the provider's perception of the patient emerged from the qualitative analysis. The descriptive statistics were important for inferring evidence of efficiency and effectiveness of communication for providers. Overall, encounter and task times averaged slightly faster in almost every instance for the treatment group than that in the control group. Common ground clearly was better in the treatment group, indicating that the idea of designing for the secondary UX to improve provider outcomes has merit.
Combining the notions of common ground, human-computer interaction design, and smartphone technology resulted in a prototype that improved the efficiency and effectiveness of face-to-face collaboration for secondary users. The experimental study is one of the first studies to demonstrate that an investment in the secondary UX for high payoff tasks has value but that not all secondary UXs are meaningful for design. This observation is useful for prioritizing how resources should be applied when considering the secondary UX.
本研究从二级用户体验（UX）的角度调查以患者为中心的移动健康（mHealth）技术。具体而言，它研究了在患者控制下的个人移动技术如何用于改善患者首次就诊时与医疗服务提供者之间关于其医疗保健的沟通。共同基础，一种关于语言使用的理论，被用作检验互动的理论基础。本研究的一个新颖概念是，它是最早探索特定医疗保健任务的二级用户体验相对意义的实证研究之一。
本研究的目的是调查患者操作的移动健康技术在多大程度上可以被设计用于改善患者与医疗服务提供者在初次面对面接触期间的沟通。
2016年2月至2016年5月在中西部的两个大城市进行了实验研究。使用定制设计的智能手机应用程序原型作为研究治疗手段。实验设计为仅后测对照组，包括视频记录的模拟面对面临床接触，其中一名演员扮演患者。由医生（n = 4）和护士（n = 8）组成的经验丰富的临床医生是研究参与者。对定性数据进行了主题分析。使用描述性统计分析从任务时间测量中收集的定量数据。
定性分析得出了三个主题，分别代表了在接触过程中共同基础是如何体现的、它对接触过程中的沟通意味着什么以及它如何影响医疗服务提供者对患者的看法。描述性统计对于推断医疗服务提供者沟通的效率和有效性证据很重要。总体而言，治疗组在几乎每个实例中的接触时间和任务时间平均比对照组略快。治疗组的共同基础明显更好，表明为二级用户体验进行设计以改善医疗服务提供者结果的想法是有价值的。
将共同基础、人机交互设计和智能手机技术的概念相结合，产生了一个原型，该原型提高了二级用户面对面协作的效率和有效性。该实验研究是最早证明对高回报任务的二级用户体验进行投资具有价值，但并非所有二级用户体验对设计都有意义的研究之一。这一观察结果对于在考虑二级用户体验时如何优先分配资源很有用。
